ETHICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS PART B

Question 1

Established by Immanuel Kant, a German thinker

Answer 1

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 2

First appeared in his WHAT work?

Answer 2

“Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals.”

Question 3

focuses on duty or obligation

Answer 3

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 4

deontologism/intuitionism

Answer 4

duty or obligation

Question 5

Morality is exclusively within the human personality

Answer 5

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 6

Morality is a matter of intent, motive, and will.

Answer 6

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 7

All of your actions are mainly your responsibility

Answer 7

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 8

one acts morally if and only one does whatever one is obliged to do.

Answer 8

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 9

Act done in accord with duty and act done from a sense of duty

Answer 9

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 10

non-moral acts are those who do not have?

Answer 10

moral sense

Question 11

Humans should be treated as an end and not as a mean.

Answer 11

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 12

This implies that an action can be done irrespective of the results.

Answer 12

Categorical imperative

Question 13

The concept of an autonomous will.

Answer 13

KANT’S ETHICS

Question 14

Two types of duties exist

Answer 14

perfect and imperfect

Question 15

Established by William David Ross, and Aristotelian philosopher

Answer 15

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 16

Rightness of an action is not determined by its
consequences

Answer 16

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 17

This school of thought viewed deontology as rigid and insensitive in some cases. Moreover, deontological precepts sometimes conflict each other.

Answer 17

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 17

This school of thought viewed deontology as rigid and insensitive in some cases. Moreover, deontological precepts sometimes conflict each other.

Answer 17

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 18

moral rules serves as only a guideline and should not be absolute or inflexible.

Answer 18

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 19

Rightness and goodness are the only moral properties.

Answer 19

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 20

Absolute rules are often insensitive to the consequences of an act.

Answer 20

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 21

Nonmoral properties need to be ascertained (why/what)

Answer 21

ROSS’ ETHICS

Question 22

greater balance of rightness over wrongness

Answer 22

PRIMA FACIE DUTY

Question 23

There is only one what duty?

Answer 23

prima facie duty

Question 24

SEVEN TYPES OF PRIMA FACIE DUTIES

Answer 24

Fidelity, Reparation, Gratitude, Justice, Beneficence, Self-Improvement, Nonmaleficence

Question 25

● Being faithful to our duties, obligation, vows, or pledges. ● Being loyal to a worthy cause

Answer 25

Duty of Fidelity

Question 26

● The duty of making amend for injuries that we have inflicted over others. ● Asking for forgiveness is insufficient. ● “Kung nakagawa ng masama, gumawa ka naman ng mabuti.”

Answer 26

Duty of Reparation

Question 27

● Appreciating and recognizing the services other have done for us.

Answer 27

Duty of Gratitude

Question 28

● We can enjoy the social benefits with others, but we should also equally share with them the burdens of social living. ● Example: The human rights

Answer 28

Duty of Justice

Question 29

● The duty to do what is good. ● This type of duty enjoins us not only to bring about what is good for others but also to help them better their conditions with respect to duty to virtue, intelligence, or comfort.

Answer 29

Duty of Beneficence

Question 30

● This is the duty to do what is good to one’s self. ● We are encouraged to improve ourselves in order to serve others.

Answer 30

Duty of Self-Improvement

Question 31

● The duty of not causing harm/injury to others. ● We ought to avoid inflicting evil, injury, or harm upon others as we would avoid doing so to ourselves. ● Culpable negligence is an infraction of this duty. ● “Ang masakit sa iyo ay huwag mong gawin sa kapwa mo.”

Answer 31

Duty of Nonmaleficence

Question 32

Postulated by John Rawls, a Harvard philosopher.

Answer 32

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 33

Synthesized the deontological and utilitarian views.

Answer 33

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 34

Justice is fairness in terms of the “original position.”

Answer 34

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 35

If principles that would support inequalities in their society are introduced, the outcome would be that the people in their original position would take advantage of it.

Answer 35

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 36

The greater good to be shared by all members should not justify the loss of freedom of others.

Answer 36

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 37

Or, the larger sum of advantages which is supposedly to be enjoyed by the many should not outweigh the inconveniences to be imposed on a few.

Answer 37

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 38

Every individual is inviolable (never to be broken, infringed, or dishonored).

Answer 38

RAWL’S THEORY OF JUSTICE

Question 39

2 RAWL’S PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE

Answer 39

1 Equal access to the basic human rights and liberties. 2 Fair equality of opportunity and the equal distribution of socioeconomic inequalities.

Question 40

Also known as natural law ethics/Thomistic ethics/Christian Ethics

Answer 40

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’ ETHICS

Question 41

the source of the moral law is reason itself.

Answer 41

NATURAL LAW/ ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’ ETHICS

Question 42

Human good is that which is suitable to or proper for the human nature.

Answer 42

NATURAL LAW/ ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’ ETHICS

Question 43

The good is built into human nature and it is that to which we are directed by our natural inclinations as both physical and rational creatures

Answer 43

NATURAL LAW/ ST. THOMAS AQUINAS’ ETHICS

Question 44

THREE NATURAL INCLINATIONS OF HUMANS

Answer 44

● Self-preservation ● Just dealings with others ● Propagation of our species.

Question 45

Natural moral law is founded on human nature itself.

Answer 45

(unchangeable)