ETHICO-MORAL ASPECTS OF NURSING

Question 1

refers to a standard to examine and understand moral life

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

systematic study of what a person’s conduct and actions should be with regard to self, other humans, and the environment

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

justification of what is right or good

Answer 3

Ethics

Question 4

studies how people make judgment in regard to right or wrong

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

branch of moral science concerned with the obligations that a member of the profession owes to the public

Answer 5

Professional Ethics

Question 6

division of ethics that relates to human health

Answer 6

Health care ethics

Question 7

related to all the principles of right conduct as they apply to the profession
reinforces the nurses’ ideals and motives in order to maximize the effectivity of their service

Answer 7

NURSING ETHICS

Question 8

Greek word autos (self) & nomos (governance)

Answer 8

AUTONOMY

Question 9

involves self determination & freedom to choose & implement one’s decision, free from deceit, duress, constraint or coercion

Answer 9

AUTONOMY

Question 10

allowing patient to refuse treatment

Answer 10

AUTONOMY

Question 11

disclosure of his ailment, prognosis, mode of treatment

Answer 11

AUTONOMY

Question 12

maintaining mode of confidentiality

Answer 12

AUTONOMY

Question 13

may occur when there is potential harm to others such as communicable diseases or acts of violence

Answer 13

Restriction

Question 14

The person making the decision?

Answer 14

a. must be deemed competent
b. have the individual capacity to make a rational decision
c. must be of legal age
d. the decision should be of his own free will
e. should not be coerced or put under duress

Question 15

legal exception of the rule of informed consent which allows the caregiver to proceed with the care (emergency, incompetence, waiver or implied consent)

Answer 15

Therapeutic privilege

Question 16

to maximize efficiency of health care, the patient & health care providers are bound to tell the TRUTH

Answer 16

Veracity

Question 17

Patient has the responsibility to provide accurate and complete information about his

Answer 17

a. complaints
b. past illness
c. previous hospitalizations
d. Medications being taken
e. Allergies
f. Religious restrictions

Question 18

Physician should tell the patient & his family his

Answer 18

a. diagnosis
b. plan of care
c. treatment
d. possible risks involved
e. length of treatment
f. Possible expenses
g. Other options they may take if there be any

Question 19

physicians/health practitioners are requested not to tell the relative the exact nature of the patient’s illness

Answer 19

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 20

the relative requests the physician not to tell the patient his true diagnosis

Answer 20

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 21

practitioner himself intentionally

Answer 21

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 22

Withhold information according to his sound judgment (revelation would do more harm to an emotionally unstable or depressed person)

Answer 22

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 23

a young married male who was diagnosed to have AIDS, requested the doctor no to tell his diagnosis to his wife

Answer 23

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 24

the children of an aged grandmother suffering from metastatic cancer request the doctor not to tell their mother her diagnosis and instead to proceed with the chemotherapy

Answer 24

BENEVOLENT DECEPTION

Question 25

acts of kindness and mercy that directly benefit the patient

Answer 25

Beneficence

Question 26

acts promote the health of the patient, prevent illness or complications, alleviate suffering, and assist towards peaceful death

Answer 26

Beneficence

Question 27

PATIENT’S BILL OR RIGHTS

Answer 27

1. considerate and respectful care 2. relevant, current and understandable information concerning diagnosis, treatment, risks involved, medically reasonable alternative benefits needed to make informed consent 3. make decisions regarding his plan of care; in case of refusal, he is entitled to other appropriate care and service or be transferred to another hospital 4. have advance directive (living will) concerning treatment or designating a surrogate decision maker 5. every consideration of his privacy such as in case discussion, consultation & treatment 6. Confidentiality of communications and records 7. Review his records concerning his medical care and have these explained to him except when restricted by law 8. be informed of business relationship among the hospital, educational institution, health care providers that may influence the patient’s treatment and care 9. consent or decline to participate in experimental research affecting his care 10. Reasonable continuity of care when appropriate and be informed of other care options when hospital care is no longer appropriate 11. be informed of hospital policies and practices that relate to patient care *ALL activities provided to patients must be conducted with deep considerations of their values and dignity.

Question 28

in some way similar to the principle of beneficence, stated as an admonition in the negative form to remind practitioners to do no harm

Answer 28

Nonmaleficence

Question 29

not assisting in or performing abortion

Answer 29

Nonmaleficence

Question 30

not assisting persons to commit suicide

Answer 30

Nonmaleficence

Question 31

not performing euthanasia

Answer 31

Nonmaleficence

Question 32

not willfully subjecting patients to experimental drugs whose potential harm may be greater than the expected benefit

Answer 32

Nonmaleficence

Question 33

Not harming a person’s reputation by revealing confidential information

Answer 33

Nonmaleficence

Question 34

refers to the right | to demand to be treated justly, fairly and equally

Answer 34

Justice

Question 35

guarantees that the state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development and shall endeavor to make essential goods, health & social services available to all people at affordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the underprivileged, the sick, the elderly and the disabled, the women and children. The state shall endeavor to provide free medical care to paupers, establish and maintain an effective food and drug regulatory system, and undertake appropriate health manpower development & research responsive to the country’s health needs & problems. It shall establish a special agency for disabled persons for their rehabilitation.

Answer 35

ARTICLE XIII of the Phil. Constitution

Question 36

affirms that health is a basic human right.

Answer 36

DOH

Question 37

provides for a universal compulsory health insurance program in the country. Employees from public & private sectors are covered with medicare privileges.

Answer 37

National Health Insurance Act of 1995

Question 38

gives honor & justice to the elderly by giving 20% discount in public establishments such as restaurants, & pharmacies; public utility vehicles; & hospitals including free medical & dental check up & free hospitalization in all government hospitals.

Answer 38

RA 7432 (Senior Citizens Act)

Question 39

between one child with congenital defect over the need to protect the lives of thousands of children who would benefit from mass immunization against CD’s

Answer 39

The greatest good for the greatest number

Question 40

nurses should commit themselves to the welfare of those entrusted to their care

Answer 40

ROLE FIDELITY

Question 41

should be loyal to their sworn duty

Answer 41

ROLE FIDELITY

Question 42

aka privileged communication because it is given based on trust

Answer 42

Confidential Information

Question 43

if the patient insists on knowing their diagnosis, nurses may only repeat what doctors wish to disclose

Answer 43

Confidential Information

Question 44

ALL information gathered by nurses should always be treated confidential even after the patient’s death; BUT may be revealed only when:

Answer 44

a. patients themselves permit such revelation as in the case of claim for hospitalization, insurance benefits, among others b. The case is medico-legal such as attempted suicide, gunshot wounds which have to be reported to the local police or NBI or constabulary c. the patients are ill of communicable disease and public safety may be jeopardized d. given to members of the health team if information is relevant to his care

Question 45

The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court or when public safety and order require otherwise.

Answer 45

ARTICLE IV Sec. 4 (1) of the New Constitution

Question 46

PATIENTS’ RESPONSIBILITIES

Answer 46

1. Providing information 2. Complying with instructions 3. Informing the physician of refusal to treatment 4. paying hospital charges 5. Following hospital rules and regulations 6. Showing respect and consideration

Question 47

Bill of Rights of Registered Nurses | RN

Answer 47

a. promote & restore health b. prevent illness c. protect the people entrusted to their care d. work to alleviate the suffering experienced by IFGC e. provide services that maintain respect for human dignity & embrace the uniqueness of each patient

Question 48

NURSES HAVE THE RIGHT TO

Answer 48

1. practice in a manner that fulfills their obligations to society & to those who receive nursing care 2. practice in environments that allow them to act in accordance with professional standards & legally authorized scopes of practice 3. a work environment that supports & facilitates ethical practice, in accordance with the code of ethics for nurses and its interpretive statements

Question 49

not yet widely used in the Philippines, it is used extensively in the US

Answer 49

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 50

the patient designates a health care representative, usually a member of the family, a friend or a family physician to make decisions for him/her own health care decision

Answer 50

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 51

this includes decisions to accept or refuse any treatment, service or procedure used to diagnose or to treat his/her physical/mental condition to provide, withhold or withdraw life-sustaining measures

Answer 51

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 52

desire to make anatomical gifts after death are also indicated in the will, if the patient desires to do so

Answer 52

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 53

signed by the patient attached to the patient’s chart has a force of law

Answer 53

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 54

witnessed by 2 other persons who declare that the patient signed the will, that the latter appears to be of sound mind, free of duress or undue influence

Answer 54

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 55

witnesses must be 18 years of age or older & are designated as the person’s health care representative or alternate as such

Answer 55

Living wills or Advance Directives

Question 56

The whole is greater than its parts

Answer 56

The principle of Totality

Question 57

There is always an exemption to the rule

Answer 57

Epikia

Question 58

Instrument to the crime

Answer 58

One who acts through as agent is herself responsible

Question 59

You cannot betray yourself

Answer 59

No one is obliged to betray herself

Question 60

systematic guides for developing ethical behavior

Answer 60

Code of Ethics

Question 61

answer normative questions of what beliefs & values should be morally accepted

Answer 61

Code of Ethics

Question 62

states that the hallmark of all professionals is their willingness to accept a set of professional & ethical principles which they will follow in the conduct of their daily lives

Answer 62

Code of Good Governance promulgated by the PRC on July 23, 2003

Question 63

adopted by the PRC & the 42 Professional Regulatory Boards to cover an environment of good governance in which all Filipino professionals shall perform their duties

Answer 63

Code of Good Governance promulgated by the PRC on July 23, 2003

Question 64

implies a commitment to a life of sacrifice and genuine selflessness in carrying out their professional duties even at the expense of personal gain

Answer 64

Service to Others

Question 65

should perform their responsibilities with the highest sense of integrity& imbued with nationalism & spiritual values

Answer 65

Integrity & Objectivity

Question 66

should maintain objectivity, be free from conflicts of interest, refrain from engaging in any activity that would prejudice their abilities to ethically carry out their duties nor make any representations that would likely cause a reasonable person to misunderstand & be deceived

Answer 66

Integrity & Objectivity

Question 67

level of competence is necessary (knowledge, technical skills, attitudes & experience, in undertaking only those professional services they can reasonably deliver

Answer 67

Professional Competence

Question 68

shall maintain & support one professional organization that promotes a deep spirit of solidarity & teamwork

Answer 68

Solidarity & Teamwork

Question 69

shall always carry out their professional duties with due consideration of the broader interest of the public, serve them with professional concern consistent with their responsibilities

Answer 69

Social & Civic Responsibility

Question 70

shall remain open to challenges of a more dynamic & interconnected world, rise up to global standards & maintain levels of professional practices fully aligned with global best practices

Answer 70

Global Competitiveness

Question 71

In the eyes of the PRC, all professions are equal and therefore, every one shall treat other professionals with respect and fairness

Answer 71

Equality of all Professions