Ethics

Question 1

Principle A - Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Answer 1

Strive to benefit those with whom you work and take care to do no harm
- includes animals
- minimized harm

Question 2

Principle B - Fidelity and Responsibility

Answer 2

Establish relationships of faith and trust with those with whom they work
- aware of professional and scientific responsibility to society and communities work w/
- clarifying roles, conflicts of interest, consulting
- encouraged to contribute time for little or no cost

Question 3

Principle C - Integrity

Answer 3

Promote, accuracy, honesty, truthfulness in science, teaching and practice
- publicly put out courses we teacher, don’t steal

Question 4

Principle D - Justice

Answer 4

Everyone should have equal access to getting what we offer
- recognize fairness and justice entitle to all persons to access to and benefit from contributions of psych and equal quality in process/procedure/services

Question 5

Principle E - Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Answer 5

Respect dignity and worth of all people, and rights to privacy, and self-determination
- respect differences (religion, sexual orientation, SES)
- if ethical standard establishes higher standard of conduct than is required by the law, psychologist must meet higher ethical standard

Question 6

Competence

Answer 6

Psychologists are required to work within the boundaries of their competence which can be based on their education; training; supervised experience; consultation; study; or professional experience

Question 7

Assume that a school principal asks a psychologist who has been hired to evaluate a student to write a report that supports the principal’s own conclusion about the student’s eligibility for special education.

Answer 7

In this situation, the psychologist is being asked to support a conclusion that has been reached by the principal rather than provide one that is based on the results of his/her own evaluation. Doing so would be unethical, and the psychologist should explain his/her ethical responsibility to the principal and refuse to comply with the principal’s request.

Misuse of Psychologists’ Work: Standard 1.01 requires psychologists to take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation of their work.

Question 8

Ethical violations by colleagues

Answer 8

Standard 1.04 encourages psychologists to handle ethical violations informally by discussing the issue with the individual “if an informal resolution appears appropriate”; while Standard 1.05 states that psychologists make a formal report to the Ethics Committee, state licensing board, or other appropriate authority when the problem involves “substantial harm” and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution.
- Note that both Standards require psychologists to consider client confidentiality before taking any action. In other words, if an informal resolution or report will violate client confidentiality, the action is prohibited.

Question 9

Tarasoff decision

Answer 9

“duty to warn” an intended victim, case to case by can notify the intended victim, police or taking other steps

Question 10

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (1985)

Answer 10

Provide the following guidelines for the ethical practice of MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY:
(1) Media psychologists should avoid offering suggestions that require radical life changes or decisions
(2) Callers who are selected for on-air participation should be given appropriate referrals
(3) Callers should be informed of the risks associated with public exposure of their personal problems
(4) Participants should not be asked to wait for prolonged periods of time before talking to the psychologist
(5) Media psychologists should make frequent disclaimers distinguishing what they do from actual psychotherapy
(6) Media psychologists should not belittle or make jokes at the expense of participants
(7) Media psychologists should not criticize the competence of other mental health professionals

(Note that this standard does not apply to psychologists who provide services to individuals over the Internet, videoconferences, etc. with whom they have an established therapeutic relationship.)

Question 11

Record Keeping and Fees

Answer 11

Standard 6.01 requires psychologists to maintain, store, and dispose of their professional records in ways that allow the records to be used appropriately by themselves and others

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (1985) note that legal obligations and client welfare are key factors when making decisions about the maintenance of records:
(1) Legal requirements vary from state to state, but the IRS requires professionals to keep business and financial records for at least 7 years. In addition, the APA’s (2007) Record Keeping Guidelines recommends that, in the absence of applicable laws or other requirements, psychologists retain a client’s full record for 7 years following the last date of services for adults and 3 years after a minor reaches the age of majority, whichever occurs later
(2) Client welfare concerns include balancing the possibility that records may be needed to assist with a client’s continuity of care across providers over time with the concern that, if kept too long, records may cause harm if they contain invalid or obsolete data.

Question 12

What has the data on sexual misconduct by therapists consistently shown?

Answer 12

Pope and his colleagues (1993)
- Male therapists violate much more than female therapists
- They are usually older (42-44 y/o) than the female clients (30-33 y/o) they become involved with

Question 13

What relationships have been found between risk for sexual misconduct and theoretical orientation; professional experience; or education?

Answer 13

None (Pope et al.; 1993)

Question 14

What course of action should you take if you discover a colleague has been violating an ethical standard that puts no clients in direct harm?

Answer 14

Attempt to resolve the problem informally by discussing the matter with the offender

Question 15

When should a psychologist make a formal report to the Ethics Committee; state licensing board; or other appropriate authority regarding unethical behavior by a colleague?

Answer 15

“When the problem involves ““substantial harm”” and is not appropriate for an informal resolution or has not been resolved satisfactorily by an attempt at an informal resolution”

Question 16

_____ should always takes precedence over the need to educate or punish an offending psychologist, which must always be considered before filing a complaint

Answer 16

Client Confidentiality

Question 17

When recording voices/images in research when is informed consent not required?

Answer 17

When the research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places; and it is not anticipated that the recording will be used in a manner that could cause personal identification or harm

Question 18

Describe the nature of informed consent when research involves recording voices/images and deception.

Answer 18

Informed consent is provided during debriefing

Question 19

What is the legal concept that protects a client’s confidentiality in the context of legal proceedings?

Answer 19

Privilege

Question 20

____ is typically is the holder of the privilege.

Answer 20

Client

Question 21

When can a psychologist use client testimonials?

Answer 21

When they are not solicited from current therapy clients or other persons who; because of their circumstances; are vulnerable to undue influence

Question 22

In a consultative relationship, when is it appropriate to disclose confidential client information?

Answer 22

1. When the consultant and consultee have a confidential relationship
2. If the consultee has obtained prior consent of the person or organization
3. If disclosure is unavoidable

Question 23

A psychologist has been meeting regularly with a child whose parents recently filed for divorce and have requested a child custody evaluation. What course of action should the psychologist take?

Answer 23

While not required; the Guidelines states psychologists generally avoid conducting such evaluations when s/he has served in a therapeutic role for the child or their family

Question 24

What 4 conditions must be met in order for a client to bring a claim of malpractice against a psychologist?

Answer 24

1. Psychologist must have had a professional relationship with the person
2. Must be a demonstrable standard of care breached by psychologist
3. Person suffered harm or injury
4. Harm or injury was proximally caused by psychologist’s breach of duty within context of standard of care

Question 25

Is it ever appropriate for a psychologist to pay; receive payment from; or divide fees with another professional for referring them a client?

Answer 25

No; this is unethical. All payments in such situations must be based on the services provided (e.g.; clinical; consultative; administrative)

Question 26

What legal decision originally established a psychologist's "duty to warn;" which later became a "duty to protect?"

Answer 26

The Tarasoff Decision = client's admission of intent to harm another person

Question 27

Bartering is allowed only if what two conditions are met?

Answer 27

1. It is not clinically contraindicated 2. It is not exploitative

Question 28

In a legal proceeding, if a defendant lacks sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and a rational as well as a factual understanding of the proceedings against him/her, he/she is deemed ...

Answer 28

Incompetent to stand trial

Question 29

A person who by reason of education or specialized experience possesses superior knowledge regarding a subject about which persons having no particular training are incapable of forming an accurate opinion or deducing correct conclusions is referred to as an ____.

Answer 29

Expert Witness

Question 30

Fact Witness

Answer 30

A refers to a person who testifies as to what they saw/ heard/ or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place A fact witness is a person "who testifies as to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place.... [In contrast to expert witnesses,] fact witnesses are generally not allowed to offer opinions, address issues that they do not have personal knowledge of or respond to hypothetical situations" (APA, 1998, p. 7). A fact witness is allowed to provide information about a client only with the consent of the client or a court order.

Question 31

_________ are allowed to offer professional opinions and provide testimony based on hypothetical scenarios, while ________ cannot.

Answer 31

Expert Witness Fact Witness

Question 32

When taking on a new therapy client when should a psychologist obtain informed consent?

Answer 32

- As early as is feasible- should include nature and anticipated course of therapy - fees - 3rd party involvement - limits of confidentiality - provide client opportunity to ask questions and receive answers

Question 33

Are psychologists required by the Ethics Code to provide Pro Bono services?

Answer 33

No -- but General Principles, which are aspirational in nature, promote it

Question 34

Is it ethical for psychologists to engage in sexual behavior with students or supervisees?

Answer 34

No... it is unethical for a psychologist to engage in sexual relations with anyone they are likely to have evaluative authority over

Question 35

The Client Welfare standard of the APA Ethics Code requires what?

Answer 35

That reasonable steps are taken by psychologists to avoid and minimize harm to clients, students, research participants, and others with whom they work

Question 36

What conditions must be met for deception to ethically be used in research?

Answer 36

1. Deception is justified by the study's prospective scientific; educational; applied value and effective nondeceptive alternatives are not feasible 2. Participants are not deceived about conditions that might cause significant pain or emotional distress 3. Participants are debriefed preferably at end of their participation; but no later than conclusion of data collection

Question 37

The Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations presents principles that are in nature _____.

Answer 37

Aspirational

Question 38

Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when?

Answer 38

If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity; competence; or effectiveness; or otherwise risks exploitation or harmto the client

Question 39

Psychologists are to refrain from entering into a multiple relationship when?

Answer 39

If the relationship can be reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity, competence, or effectiveness, or otherwise risks exploitation or harm to the client

Question 40

What is the first step a psychologist should take when they receive a subpoena?

Answer 40

Determine if the subpoena is a legally valid demand

Question 41

Following an evaluation; are psychologists allowed to provide clients with raw test data if the client requests it?

Answer 41

Yes; it would unethical not to do so. However; there are some exceptions if the psychologist believes the test data could harm the client

Question 42

Is it ever ethical for a psychologist to withhold reporting a case of known child abuse?

Answer 42

No. All jurisdictions require psychologists to report known cases of child abuse to the appropriate authorities

Question 43

Can you deny admission to academic or other programs, advancement, or promotion to someone who has previously made or been the subject of an ethics complaint?

Answer 43

No, that would be unethical

Question 44

What is FERPA (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974)?

Answer 44

- It prohibits educational institutions receiving federal funds from disclosing personally identifying information from student records without the consent of the student or legal guardian (if under 18) - Also grants right to inspect one's educational records

Question 45

A legal concept referring to a person's incapacity to determine right from wrong or to behave according to the requirements of the law.

Answer 45

Insanity, which is not a psychological concept; but used in a purely legal sense

Question 46

Publication credit is given based primarily on ____.

Answer 46

.Relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved; regardless of their relative status

Question 47

Sliding fee scales are generally considered acceptable as long as they are ____.

Answer 47

Fair and serve the best interests of the client

Question 48

In deciding whether to provide services to a person already receiving mental health services elsewhere, what should a psychologist consider?

Answer 48

The treatment issues and the potential client's welfare. These issues are discussed with the client and the psychologist should proceed with caution

Question 49

Psychologists are to act and when teaching, supervising and designing education and training programs.

Answer 49

Competently and Responsibly

Question 50

In-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients or other persons is unethical when it involves what?

Answer 50

Solicitation of people, who due to their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence

Question 51

Can psychologists base assessment/intervention decisions or recommendations on tests, measures, data, or test results that are outdated or obsolete?

Answer 51

Only tests that are useful to the current purpose can be used ethically

Question 52

How does APA's Ethics Code define Sexual Harassment?

Answer 52

Sexual solicitation; physical advances; or verbal or nonverbal conduct that is sexual in nature; occurs in connection with the psychologist's activities or roles as a psychologist, and either (1) is obviously unwelcome, offensive, or creates a hostile environment or (2) is sufficiently severe to be abusive to a reasonable person in the context

Question 53

Who is responsible for the appropriate application, interpretation, and use of assessment instruments scored and interpreted by automated services?

Answer 53

The administering psychologist retains responsibility

Question 54

Regarding client records, who is the owner of the physical record?

Answer 54

Typically, the psychologist, while the client has the right to inspect the contents of the record

Question 55

When it becomes reasonably clear that a client no longer needs services, is unlikely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued services, what is the psychologist's best course of action?

Answer 55

Terminate therapy

Question 56

Upon termination, what does the Ethics Code state a psychologist should do?

Answer 56

Provide pre-termination counseling and suggest alternative service providers as appropriate

Question 57

APA's Record Keeping Guidelines specifies that records of psychological services must include:

Answer 57

- identifying data - dates of service - types of service - fees - assessment reports and intervention plans - releases of information

Question 58

What must a psychologist do before using a collection agency to collect unpaid fees?

Answer 58

Inform the client that such measures will be taken and provide that person an opportunity to make prompt payment

Question 59

When providing services to a person legally incapable of giving informed consent, what should the psychologist do?

Answer 59

- Provide an appropriate explanation - Seek the person's assent - Consider the person's preferences and best interests - Obtain permission from a legally authorized person

Question 60

A psychologist whose personal problems are preventing them from competently performing work-related activities should take what steps?

Answer 60

Take appropriate measures (e.g., obtain consultation or assistance) and determine whether they should limit, suspend, or terminate their work-related duties

Question 61

Is it ever ethical to have sexual relationships with a former client?

Answer 61

-Yes, though only after 2 years and in the most unusual circumstances - In such cases, the psychologists must prove that the relationship is not harmful

Question 62

Is it ethical or unethical for a psychologist to provide therapy to a person they previously had sexual relations with?

Answer 62

Unethical- this is absolute; there are no time limits or exceptions

Question 63

The concept that supervisors/employers may be legally responsible for the actions of their supervisees/employees is called

Answer 63

Vicarious Liability, or respondent superior

Question 64

You're contacted by the APA Ethics Committee in regards to a complaint filed against you by a client. They ask for your records related to the client's therapy with you. What should you do?

Answer 64

Cooperate fully with the Committee's request. Confidentiality is not an issue since the committee must obtain a signed waiver of confidentiality from the complainant before it takes any action

Question 65

As a psychologist; what would you do if you arrived early to the office one morning to find a colleague having sex with one of his/her current clients?

Answer 65

Report him to the ethics committee, as this violation is not amenable to informal resolution, making sure to protect the client's confidentiality rights

Question 66

What is a psychologist to do if a client informs them that s/he had sex with a previous therapist?

Answer 66

Outline the client's rights and options regarding legal actions and ethical complaints

Question 67

What is a psychologist's best option if s/he wants to work with clients from an ethnic group s/he has not worked with before?

Answer 67

Seek supervision and/or consultation before taking on such clients and while working with them

Question 68

A psychologist who has been having marital problems begins to notice that during marital therapy with his clients he is tending to agree more with the husband's perspective. He should

Answer 68

Seek consultation- the Code requires psychologists who become aware of personal problems that may interfere with adequate performance in their work to take appropriate measures

Question 69

When might the use of interpreters in psychotherapy be ethical?

Answer 69

When steps have been taken to avoid a multiple relationship between the interpreter and the client

Question 70

True or False: It is unethical to utilize an interpreter without first having them sign a confidentiality agreement?

Answer 70

False. While a good idea to discuss the importance of maintaining confidentiality; there is no ethical standard requiring an interpreter to sign such an agreement

Question 71

A psychologist is dating a graduate student in his class who is older than other students and has returned to school after 15 years.

Answer 71

The psychologist's behavior is unethical, regardless of whether sex is involved, because it is a dual relationship with clear potential for harm or exploitation

Question 72

A psychologist is dating a graduate student in his class who is older than other students and has returned to school after 15 years.

Answer 72

The psychologist's behavior is unethical, regardless of whether sex is involved, because it is a dual relationship with clear potential for harm or exploitation

Question 73

What should a psychologist to do if a client they are seeing on condition of probation says s/he wants to terminate therapy?

Answer 73

Tell the client s/he has the right to leave; but explain the legal ramifications of doing so

Question 74

In your capacity as an Industrial Psychologist, you observe repeated incidents of sexual harassment. What is your best course of action?

Answer 74

- Observe the incidents and, if possible, take active steps to intervene - the Code states that psychologists attempt to "minimize harm to those with whom they work"

Question 75

A psychologist is seeing a family and notices bruises on the son's body. The parents say a pediatrician saw him but they forgot to mention the bruises to her. When asked how the child got injured, the parents say he fell down the stairs and provide no further details. The boy is silent and withdrawn. What should the psychologist do?

Answer 75

File a child abuse report with the appropriate state agency, as there is reasonable suspicion of ongoing child abuse

Question 76

A client you know owns a gun and has a history of violent behavior tells you he is planning to shoot his ex-girlfriend. You should:

Answer 76

Warn the police and attempt to warn the ex-girlfriend; per "duty to protect"

Question 77

A client who is HIV+ claims that she/he has been engaging in casual unprotected sex with various partners. Is this sufficient ground to break confidentiality and notify the authorities?

Answer 77

No. APA states disclosure is permitted if (1) there is an identifiable 3rd party who is at risk (2) the 3rd party is unaware she/he is at risk (3) the client has refused or is not considered reliable to inform the 3rd party

Question 78

As an Army psychologist, a General asks you questions about a Colonel you have evaluated. What is the ethical way to respond?

Answer 78

Get a signed release from the client before providing any information; the Colonel is likely aware that refusing to provide such information may lead to negative consequences

Question 79

According to psychologists must notify their clients how they may use the clients' personal health information

Answer 79

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

Question 80

According to HIPPA, when might a psychologist be considered a covered entity?

Answer 80

If they transmit certain client information electronically

Question 81

Psychotherapy notes, as defined by HIPAA, refers to what?

Answer 81

Notes recorded in any medium by a mental health professional documenting or analyzing the contents of conversation during a private counseling session- they are not considered a part of a client's Protected Health Information (PHI)

Question 82

A psychologist publishes an ad promising guaranteed results. What is true about this ad?

Answer 82

It is unethical because it is misleading and may engender unduly optimistic expectations of positive results

Question 83

What must brochures for workshops always include?

Answer 83

A description of the intended audience

Question 84

You routinely waive the co-payment of less wealthy clients who are insured; since you offer clients without insurance a sliding scale. This is:

Answer 84

Unethical and illegal since the insurance company has not been informed

Question 85

When would it be ethical for a psychology professor to modify a course syllabus several weeks after the course began?

Answer 85

When the students are made aware of these modifications in a manner that enables them to fulfill course requirements

Question 86

Is it ethical for a psychologist to engage in a sexual relationship with a student after the course has been completed and grades submitted?

Answer 86

No, as it is likely the student is still in the department and, thus, the professor maintains Evaluative Authority

Question 87

When evaluating students and supervisees, psychologists must do what?

Answer 87

-Base their evaluation on relevant and established program requirements - provide timely feedback - provide information about the evaluation process at the beginning of supervision

Question 88

When is informed consent to research not necessary?

Answer 88

When dispensing with it clearly poses no harm or is scientifically justifiable, such as in naturalistic observation or anonymous questionnaires

Question 89

Is it ever ethical to kill an animal that has been used for research?

Answer 89

Yes, if it is done rapidly and with an effort to minimize pain

Question 90

You are asked by an attorney to evaluate a divorced woman's competence as a parent during a custody dispute. As an ethical psychologist, you should:

Answer 90

-Evaluate the client, children, and husband before filing a report

Question 91

A forensic psychologist is ordered by the court to evaluate a celebrity accused of assault and battery. Part of the evaluation is used in the trial and becomes a matter of public record. At the end of the trial; in which the defendant was found guilty; the psychologist writes a book including information about parts of the evaluation not discussed in court. These actions are:

Answer 91

Unethical but legal; as information disclosed in court-ordered evaluations are not privileged

Question 92

True or False: Computerized interpretive reports are legitimate and valuable, and they tend to be good substitutes for a clinician's own impressions?

Answer 92

False. Computerized interpretive reports are to be accompanied by the psychologist's personal evaluation

Question 93

As the only psychologist working in a medical clinic that you are about to leave for a new job; you are concerned that some files contain outdated data. What should you do?

Answer 93

Remove obsolete data from the files, as release of such data may cause client harm or misrepresentation

Question 94

After a psychologist administers multiple tests to a client; she asks to see the results. What's the best course of action in such situations?

Answer 94

Provide the client with an oral and written summary of the results in clear; understandable language

Question 95

True or False: Regarding confidentiality in group therapy, group members are on their own honor to maintain confidentiality?

Answer 95

True. Group members have no legally or ethically enforceable obligation to maintain the confidence of what they hear from other group members

Question 96

What should a psychologist do if a man being seen in marital therapy requests individual treatment?

Answer 96

He should be referred to another therapist due to potential for conflict between the psychologist's roles

Question 97

When regular consultation with a supervisor about a client is done, what must occur?

Answer 97

The client must be informed that the therapist is being supervised

Question 98

If an experimental psychologist wants to become a clinical psychologist, what must she/he do?

Answer 98

Obtain appropriate coursework and experience; including practica and internship

Question 99

If an experimental psychologist wants to become a clinical psychologist, what must she/he do?

Answer 99

Obtain appropriate coursework and experience; including practica and internship

Question 100

What is the primary purpose of the Specialty Guidelines for the Delivery of Services?

Answer 100

Educate the public and advance the profession

Question 101

The primary purpose of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing is what?

Answer 101

To provide criteria for evaluating whether tests are properly used

Question 102

The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing suggest reporting test scores in terms of

Answer 102

Confidence intervals or percentile bands

Question 103

Generally, protecting the welfare of the public is their primary purpose.

Answer 103

State licensing boards

Question 104

It is ____and _______ to sell questions that appear on the licensing exam.

Answer 104

Illegal and unethical, as it violates both test security and copyright laws

Question 105

What should be done if, after evaluating a high school student who is having conflicts with a teacher, a psychologist concludes the teacher, rather than the student, needs psychological attention?

Answer 105

Talk to the teacher alone in order to safeguard the teacher's rights and minimize harm or embarrassment

Question 106

A college counselor informed the mother of a 17 y/o of a recent suicide attempt he made. The counselor contended she was acting in the client's best interest in light of his refusal to seek professional help. Were the counselor's actions ethical?

Answer 106

According to the Ethics Code, yes, because the student is a minor at risk of suicide

Question 107

If a psychologist undertakes an experiment that might have some negative adverse side-effects to participants but still feels the possible findings are worth the risk, she should:

Answer 107

Seek approval from the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) and inform participants of all potential risks via informed consent

Question 108

It is for a university professor to omit areas of research in a course he's teaching because the research does not fit well with his orientation and does not support his theory.

Answer 108

Unethical as the professor's behavior is likely to mislead students

Question 109

A psychologist opening a mental health clinic in a rural area serving a Native American population would be well-advised to:

Answer 109

Include medicine men from the tribe as consultants and mediators

Question 110

A psychologist is ethically required to after completing testing with a client.

Answer 110

Provide appropriate explanation of results

Question 111

Is it ethical for a psychologist to routinely administer personality tests during the initial phase of a treatment relationship?

Answer 111

No, this is unethical, as there must be a valid reason for testing

Question 112

As a psychologist, you are asked by the attorney of a mother to evaluate the mother and her child, however the child lives with the father, who is the custodial parent. What should you do?

Answer 112

Determine if the father knows about and has consented to the evaluation

Question 113

A psychologist in a rural community is asked to treat a man with Agoraphobia. While the psychologist has treated other anxiety disorders, she has never treated Agoraphobia. She should:

Answer 113

Treat the woman while making reasonable effort to obtain the competence required by using relevant research, training, consultation or study

Question 114

What should a psychologist do if a person in an emergency situation presents to therapy for an issue the psychologist has no relevant experience working with?

Answer 114

Meet with the person but refer to a more qualified psychologist as soon as possible, or when the emergency has ended

Question 115

During the third psychotherapy session with a client the psychologist realizes the client is the principal at his daughter's school. What should he do?

Answer 115

Discuss the situation with the client and assess whether the dual relationship could be expected to impair objectivity, competence, or effectiveness or result in client exploitation or harm

Question 116

Psychologists who provide services over the internet must inform clients of _______

Answer 116

The risks to privacy

Question 117

What conditions are required for a graduate psychology program to require students to participate in psychotherapy?

Answer 117

1. Students are given the option of receiving therapy from practitioners unaffiliated with the program 2. Faculty with evaluative authority must not provide the therapy 3. The requirement must be clearly described in the program's description

Question 118

This term refers to negligent failure, resulting in harm to the client, to meet the duty to a client that arises out of a professional relationship.

Answer 118

Malpractice

Question 119

What are the 4 stages of the ethical complaint process?

Answer 119

- Inquiry - Investigation - Adjudication - Appeal

Question 120

If a psychologist's offense is inappropriate but not clearly unethical, they are likely to be by the Ethics Committee, whereas they will receive a

Answer 120

If the behavior is unethical. Advised and Warning

Question 121

A psychologist will receive a from the Ethics Committee if his/her actions are unethical but the consequences are minor.

Answer 121

Reprimand

Question 122

What might the Ethics Committee do if a psychologist's actions cause harm and are deliberate or persistent?

Answer 122

Censure

Question 123

The Ethics Committee recommends in cases where a psychologist's behavior is both unethical and harmful.

Answer 123

Time-limited resignation

Question 124

If a psychologist's offense is so injurious and severe that she/he is deemed unrehabilitable, the Ethics Committee is likely to recommend ___

Answer 124

Expulsion

Question 125

Expert/Fact Witness

Answer 125

EXPERT witness = "person who has special training, knowledge, skill, or experience in an area relevant to the resolution of the legal dispute and is allowed to offer an opinion as testimony in court" (Koocher, 2005, p. 574) FACT witness = person "who testifies as to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observed regarding a circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually took place.... [In contrast to expert witnesses,] fact witnesses are generally not allowed to offer opinions, address issues that they do not have personal knowledge of or respond to hypothetical situations" (APA, 1998, p. 7)