Ethics

Question 1

Contributors to utilitarianism theory

Answer 1

Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill

Question 2

Contributor to ethics of duty theory

Answer 2

Immanuel Kant

Question 3

Who’s theory was categorical imperative and what was it about

Answer 3

Kant :
Maxim 1 - consistency
Maxim 2 - Human dignity
Maxim 3 - universality

Question 4

What are the key formulations of the categorical imperative

Answer 4

Universal acceptability - accept a moral law only if all rational beings can also embrace it. Example - lying is not universalizable because if everybody were allowed to lie, the entire notion of ‘truth’ would be impossible.

Respect for persons - treat humanity as an end, never merely as a means to an end.
Example - essential human dignity should never be ignored, but does not mean we should only treat them as a means to achieve what we want

Question 5

Who contributed to virtue ethics

Answer 5

Aristotle and Alasdair Macintyre

Question 6

Ethic of care contributors (less important )

Answer 6

Carol Gilligan
Virginia held

Question 7

Contributor to discourse ethics

Answer 7

Jurgen Habermas

Question 8

Postmodern ethics contributor

Answer 8

Zygmunt Bauman

Question 9

Two major positions

Answer 9

De George 1999
Ethical absolutism - there are universal applicable moral principles
Ethical relativism - context dependent and subjective. no universal right and wrongs