Ethics

Question 1

Ethical standards of nursing:

Answer 1

• standards relating to the rights of client and their families.
• ex: the right to privacy

Question 2

Morality

Answer 2

-private beliefs or standard of what is right and wrong in conduct,character and attitude.

Question 3

Indicators of moral issues:

Answer 3

• awareness of feelings such as guilt, hope or shame.

- the tendency to respond to the situation with words such as “ought”, “should”,”right”,”wrong”,”good”

Question 4

The concern of moral issues:

Answer 4

Important social values and Norms.

They are not about trivial things.

Question 5

Differences between morals and laws

Answer 5

-laws reflect the moral values of a society and they offer guidance in determining what is moral, however an action can be legal but not moral

Question 6

Advocate

Answer 6

• One who expresses and defends the cause of another.
• The nurse advocates for the clients best interest based on the clients values not based on the nurses own ethical or moral values.

Question 7

Values

Answer 7

-Personal beliefs about truth and worth of behaviors,thoughts and objects.

Question 8

Beliefs

Answer 8

-An interpretation or conclusion that one accepts as true.

Question 9

Personal values are developed …

Answer 9

Through individual observation and experience and may be heavily influenced by social traditions and the cultural, ethnic and religious norms experienced within the family and associated groups.

Question 10

How do nurses acquire professional values?

Answer 10

By socialization into the nursing profession by nursing school faculty and other nurses, clinical and life experiences and by following established professional code of ethics.

Question 11

Values clarification

Answer 11

• important in client centered care
• process of consciously identifying, examining and developing individual values.
• helps nurses learn how to identify client values.
• helps nurses distinguish client values from there own.
• an ongoing process throughout life.

Question 12

5 values identified by the AACN that are essential for nurses

Answer 12

• Altruism
• autonomy
• human dignity
• integrity
• social justice

Question 13

Altruism

Answer 13

• A concern for the welfare and well being of others.

- Reflected in the nurses concern for welfare of clients, other nurses and other healthcare providers.

Question 14

Autonomy

Answer 14

• The right to self determination.

- shown in nursing when nurse respects clients rights to make decisions about their health care.

Question 15

Human Dignity

Answer 15

• Inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations.
• demonstrated by the nurse who values all clients and colleagues.

Question 16

Integrity

Answer 16

• acting in accordance with appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.
• shown in professional practice when nurse is honest and provides care based on an ethical framework that is accepted within the profession. Ex: American nurses code of ethics

Question 17

Social justice

Answer 17

• upholding of justice and what is fair on a social scale.
• nurses do this by treating everyone the same without any regard to age, economic status,ethnicity, citizenship,disability or sexual orientation.

Question 18

Ethical care

Answer 18

Requires managing common client care such as pain control for surgical client, client teaching,assuring confidence,and assuring clients right to self determination.

Question 19

What should the nurse do when the client has conflicting values?

Answer 19

-use values clarification as an intervention.

Question 20

Ethics

Answer 20

• A system of moral principles or standards governing behaviors and relationships that is based on professional nursing beliefs and values.
• concerned with motives and attitudes and the relationship of these attitudes to the individual.
• the study and development of the ethical standards of an individual,community or profession.

Question 21

If a client asks a nurse “what would you do in my situation”? What is the best way the respond?

Answer 21

Redirect question, do not answer from personal viewpoint

Question 22

What are some behaviors that may indicate unclear values?

Answer 22

• ignoring a health professionals advice
• inconsistent communication or behavior
• numerous admissions to a health agency for the same problem
• confusion or uncertainty about which course of action to take

Question 23

Processes that may help clients verify values:

Answer 23

• list alternatives
• examine possible consequences of choices
• choose freely
• feel good about the choice
• affirm the choice
• act on choice
• act with a pattern

Question 24

PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

Answer 24

• autonomy
• beneficence
• justice
• veracity

Question 25

Beneficence

Answer 25

-actions should promote good

Nonmaleficence-requires nurse do no harm and safeguard client.

Risk of harm weighed against potential benefit

Question 26

Veracity

Answer 26

Telling the truth

Accurate and timely documenting

Principle behind giving information for informed consent

Question 27

American nurses association code of ethics for nurses serves as :

Answer 27

• statement of ethical obligations and duties of nurse
• professions nonnegotiable ethical standard
• nursing professions statement of commitment to society

Question 28

Laws reflect

Answer 28

Moral values of a society

Question 29

Nurses have an ethical responsibility to :

Answer 29

Be a client advocate

Question 30

Advocate

Answer 30

One who expresses and defends the cause of another

Question 31

Processes that may help clients clarify values

Answer 31

List alternatives

Examine possible consequences

Choose freely

Feel good about the choice

Affirm the choice

Act on the choice

Act with a pattern

Question 32

Nurses rarely ever offer an opinion, when client asks nurses need to

Answer 32

Redirect question back to client

Question 33

Nonmaleficence

Answer 33

Requires nurses do no harm and safeguard clients

Risk of harm weighed against potential benefit

Question 34

Justice

Answer 34

Upholding of what is just

Question 35

Codes of ethics

Answer 35

General guide for a professions membership

Social contract with public

Nightingale pledge considered first code of ethics in USA

Question 36

American nurses association code of ethics for nurses serves as

Answer 36

Statement of ethical obligations and duties of nurse

Professions nonnegotiable ethical standard

Nursing professions statement of commitment to society

Needs to be read and reread

Question 37

The joint commission mandates that

Answer 37

Healthcare institutions have written guidelines

Question 38

Options for clients who feel their rights have been violated

Answer 38

Patient advocates in hospitals and large provider agencies

Many states have offices to assist clients with issues related to patients rights in long term care

States department of health may provide help

Question 39

Nurses who engage in ethics:

Answer 39

Follow ANA code of ethics

Employers policies and procedures

Employ values clarification exercises as needed

Make use of additional resources

Question 40

A good decision is one that:

Answer 40

Is in the clients best interest and at the same time preserves the integrity of all individuals involved.

Question 41

Nurses have ethical obligations to:

Answer 41

Their clients, the agency that employs them and to primary care providers

Question 42

Ethical dilemma

Answer 42

Exists when two or more rights values obligations or responsibilities come in conflict.

Question 43

Bioethics

Answer 43

Refers to ethics as applied to human life or health

Question 44

Advanced directives

Answer 44

Legal documents representing a clients end of life decisions, they may include how clients want medical decisions made or whom they would like to make the decisions.

Instruct caregivers as to the clients wishes about treatments , providing an ongoing voice for client when they do not have one