Ethics Flashcards
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California
Duty to protect” threatened individuals.
Patient Self-Determination Act
Inform patients of their rights to accept or refuse medical treatments
Advance directives into patients’ medical records
Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital
legal precedent for informed consent
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
patients have the right to refuse life-sustaining treatments including artificial nutrition and hydration
Cohort study design
Can be retrospective or prospective.
Either way they are grouped according to whether or not they have a risk factor or treatment
case-control study design
Case control studies are retrospective
grouping of study subjects is by the presence or absence of disease. After the subjects are assigned to their groups by their disease status, measurements are made of risk factors that preceded the development of the disease in time.
cross-sectional study
observational study type that is useful for determining the prevalence of a risk factor and disease at a single point in time but gives little information about the association of the risk factor and development of the disease over time.
The Physician Payments Sunshine Act
Part of the Affordable Care Act of 2010, mandates the reporting by pharmaceutical and medical device companies of any meals, gifts, or honorariums (as well as many other things of value) provided to physicians
Required to report any payment over $10 in value, or payments to an individual that total more than $100 annually
Type II error (β)
Probability that no difference will be found in a study when in fact one exists
False-negative
This type of error is decreased when a study population size is increased
Power= 1-B
Type I error
Likelihood of a study having a false-positive result
It is based on the level of the P-value and is not directly affected by study size.
