ETHICS CHAPTER 3

Question 1

An individual whose actions are evaluated based on their moral implications, which can vary depending on the context and the perspectives of others.

Answer 1

Moral Agent

Question 2

A situation in which a person faces two conflicting choices, often used in arguments to highlight the difficulty of making a moral decision.

Answer 2

Dilemma

Question 3

The belief that moral systems and ethical beliefs are shaped by cultural contexts, suggesting that no single ethical system is superior to another.

Answer 3

Cultural Relativism

Question 4

Principles that guide actions based on their potential to benefit or harm others, emphasizing the importance of justification for moral actions.

Answer 4

Moral Standard

Question 5

The view that moral judgments are not absolute but are relative to the conventions of a particular society.

Answer 5

Moral Relativism

Question 6

An ancient Greek philosopher known for his relativistic views on knowledge and morality, famously stating, “Man is the measure of all things.” He argued that perceptions shape knowledge and that moral standards are culturally constructed.

Answer 6

Protagoras of Abdera

Question 7

___________________ suggesting that individual perception shapes knowledge and truth.

Answer 7

“Man is measure of all things”

Question 8

Similar to moral relativism, it posits that laws and moral rules are based on societal conventions rather than absolute truths.

Answer 8

Ethical Relativism

Question 9

The impact of family, community, religion, and media on an individual’s moral behavior and decision-making.

Answer 9

Influence of Cultural

Question 10

The idea that knowledge and moral understanding are shaped by personal perceptions and cultural backgrounds.

Answer 10

Subjectivity of Knowledge

Question 11

Protagoras’ three claims:

Answer 11

1) Man is the measure of all things.
2) The ability to make the worse argument appear better.
3) Uncertainty about the existence of gods.