ethics definition

Question 1

The moral end of man is the Good
in which a person, in his innermost
being, yearns for and made
manifest to him in

Answer 1

synderesis and
conscience.

Question 2

is the
concrete particular
judgment by which, in a
given situation, a person
knows what he ought to do

Answer 2

Conscience

Question 3

generally,
the intellectual habit or
disposition. A possession of
the fundamental principles
of morality– do good and
avoid evil.

Answer 3

Synderesis

Question 4

Moral law is the dictation of the
voice of reason:

Answer 4

the good must
be done and the evil must be
avoided.”

Question 5

If act is suitable to human nature =
action is good or moral

Question 6

Ultimate happiness consists in
contemplating God and not in the
goods of the body.
Maninhis contemplation of God,
must find way to obtain that
ultimate happiness.
Man’saction is always geared
toward God.

Answer 6

The Happiness of the Human Person:

Question 7

The Three Determinants of Moral
Action:

Answer 7

Object or the end of an action
(finis operas)
Circumstances (circumstantiae)
Intention of the agent (finis
operantis)

Question 8

that to which the
act naturally tends before all else.
❖ Purpose of the ac

Answer 8

Object or the end of an action
(finis operas)

Question 9

– when added to the natural of the
moral act will certainly affect its
morality.
❖ Maya aggravate the
goodness or badness of a
particular action

Answer 9

Circumstances (circumstantiae)

Question 10

Intention of the agent (finis
operantis)

Answer 10

the reason why the
agent acts.
❖ Humanactsare good if
they promote the purpose
of God and his honor

Question 11

The Threefold Natural Inclination of the
Human Person:

Answer 11

Self-preservation
Justdealing with others
Propagation of species

Question 12

protect his or
her life and health. Putting one’s
life in danger considered immoral.

Answer 12

Self-preservation

Question 13

all
forms of inhumanity to human
beings are by nature evil.

Answer 13

Justdealing with others

Question 14

man
and woman is created for
pro-creation. Any forms of
contraceptive that will defeat the
purpose of reproduction and
destroys reproductive organs is
immoral.

Answer 14

Propagation of species

Question 15

The Rights of a Human Person

Answer 15

Theright to Life
● Right to Private Property
● Right to Marry
● Right to Physical Freedom or
Personal Liberty
● Right to Worship
Right to Work

Question 16

The Duties of a Human Person

Answer 16

Dutyto Keep Healthy and Take
Care of Oneself
● Dutyto Take Care of One’s
Property and Respect the Property
of Others.
● Dutyto Support One’s Family
● Dutyto Respect Private
Boundaries
● Dutyfor Religious Tolerance
● Dutyto Perform at One’s Best

Question 17

That is why duty is also known
as obligation

Answer 17

hence, doing one’s
duty is doing what one is obliged to
do

Question 18

Kant’s ethical view is

Answer 18

sometimes
called deontologism

Question 19

believed that morality is
exclusively within the human
personality, i.e., what is morally
right or wrong is solely a matter of
intent, motive, and will.

Answer 19

kant

Question 20

Kantconsiders a human person as
an autonomous, self-regulating
will
● Kantdistinguished between two
types of duties: the perfect duty
and the imperfect duty.

Answer 20

The Kantian Person

Question 21

is that which
a person must always
observe irrespective of
time, place, or
circumstances

Answer 21

Perfect duty

Question 22

is that
which a person must
observe only on some
occasions.

Answer 22

Imperfect duty

Question 23

that every person is
capable of doing an action based
on his will and decision

Answer 23

kant held

Question 24

sets the general
thesis that pleasure and happiness
are what everyone desires

Answer 24

Utilitarianism

Question 25

Itupheld the idea that the morally best act is the one that produces the greatest amount of happiness with everyone considered.

Answer 25

Utilitarianism

Question 26

They followed the principle of Thomas Hobbes who put an emphasis on the people’s selfish concern for their own pleasure

Answer 26

Utilitarianism

Question 27

who believed that the whole of morality is focused on the people’s capacity for sympathy, the tendency to

Answer 27

The utilitarians also became aware of the idea of David Hume

Question 28

said that the aptness in us to produce pleasure is what we should consider as good; and consequently, the desire to produce pain is to be considered evil

Answer 28

John Locke

Question 29

Utilitarianism claims that there is one and only one moral principle

Answer 29

the principle of utility.

Question 30

This principle states that actions are good insofar as they tend to promote

Answer 30

happiness, bad as they tend to produce unhappiness

Question 31

is basically an approach to morality, which treats pleasure as the sole element in human good.

Answer 31

Utilitarianism

Question 32

Inorder to analyse the value of an action, Bentham devised a pleasure-pain calculus or the Hedonistic Calculus

Answer 32

The Hedonistic Calculus:

Question 33

Amethodofdetermining which of alternative actions would be preferable because of the amount of pleasure to be anticipated.

Answer 33

The Hedonistic Calculus:

Question 34

Thisconsists of the intensity, duration, certainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity, and extent of an action. An action is to be considered good or moral if it is more intense

Answer 34

The Hedonistic Calculus:

Question 35

Held that the rightness of an act is determined by its effect on the general happiness. It should be applied to particular acts in particular situations or circumstances on a case by case basis.

Answer 35

Act Utilitarianism

Question 36

People must evaluate the moral correctness of an action not with reference to its impact on the general happiness but, rather, with respect to the impact on the general happiness of the rule that the action embodies. Therefore, this considers the possible results in the light of a rule.

Answer 36

Rule Utilitarianism

Question 37

The term pragmatism is derived from the Greek word

Answer 37

pragma, which means “act” or “deed.”

Question 38

is more of a theory of knowledge, truth, and meaning than of morality.

Answer 38

Pragmatism

Question 39

Meanings are derived not by intuition but by experience. Thus, reasons are not individual but social.

Answer 39

Pragmatism as Basis for Doing Good

Question 40

is the event in which mind and object hold together, so that there is no duality between them.

Answer 40

EXPERIENCE

Question 41

The true and valid form of knowledge is one which is

Answer 41

practical, workable, beneficial and useful.

Question 42

the act that will produce good results.

Answer 42

Practical

Question 43

the act be put to work.

Answer 43

Workable

Question 44

the act benefits both sides

Answer 44

Beneficial

Question 45

it can be used to attain good results

Answer 45

Useful

Question 46

Because of its claim that truth must always be verified and tested by experiment, pragmatism is also called

Answer 46

EXPERIMENTALISM.

Question 47

It is also called RECONSTRUCTIONISM insofar as ideas are instruments in reconstructing experiences

Answer 47

RECONSTRUCTIONISM

Question 48

pragmatism is also known as

Answer 48

PROGRESSIVISM.

Question 49

3 natura inclinations

Answer 49

self perservation just dealing with others propagation of human species

Question 50

can be discovered in human nature

Answer 50

moral law