Ethics Exam 3

Question 1

According to Kant, prostitution is wrong because of the pain it typically causes, but sex between people who care for each other and harms no one is morally permitted

True or False?

Answer 1

False, Kant believed that sex should only occur in marriage between a man and a woman

Question 2

According to Kant, the fact that humans have intrinsic value means that each person owns him or her self

True or False?

Answer 2

False, owning yourself is a contradiction

Question 3

According to Kant, in prostitution, people treat each other merely as a means, while extra-marital sex between people who really care for each other treats each partner as an end in him or her self

True or False?

Answer 3

False, Kant believed sex should only occur in marriage between a man and a woman

Question 4

According to Kant, the idea that we own ourselves leads to a contradiction

True or False?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

According to Kant, without sex there is no genuine marriage

True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

According to Kant, the only legitimate satisfaction of sexual impulse requires rights over the whole person, not just a part of the person

True or False?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

To give a person sexual rights over one’s body but to retain other rights is to adopt a maxim that contradicts itself, according to Kant

True or False?

Answer 7

True, you cannot give part of yourself

Question 8

In order to have legitimate rights over the whole of another person, one must grant that person the same rights over the whole of oneself

True or False?

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Marriage requires conjugal cohabitation on the basis of a contract that grants reciprocal possession of each other, according to Kant

True or False?

Answer 9

True

Question 10

According to Kant, adultery is wrong because of the pain it universally causes

True or False?

Answer 10

False

Question 11

“Pornography is sexually explicit material intended to produce sexual excitement in the consumer”

Normative or Descriptive?

Answer 11

Normative

Question 12

What does “prurient interest” mean?

Answer 12

Interest only in sex

Question 13

According to the Miller Test, if something offensive to the average person applying contemporary community standards, for that reason alone, it is obscene and may be prohibited

True or False?

Answer 13

False, when using the Miller Test, it has to fail all three tests to be considered obscene

Question 14

According to the Miller Test, if the average person, applying contemporary community standards, finds that a work as a whole appeals only to the prurient interest, for that reason alone, it is obscene and may be prohibited.

True or False?

Answer 14

False, when using the Miller Test, it has to fail all three tests to be considered obscene

Question 15

Homosexuality is not found in nature among nonhumans and is therefore unnatural in a descriptive sense

True or False?

Answer 15

False, homosexuality is found in nature among nonhumans

Question 16

The “laps test” or the “slaps test” in the Miller Test refers to the amount of allowable contact a patron may have with a dancer in a live erotic show.

True or False?

Answer 16

False, LAPS stands for Literary, Artistic, Political, or Scientific. If a work is any one of these things, it is acceptable.

Question 17

When we say that something is unnatural…

Answer 17

We mean it in both the normative and descriptive sense

Question 18

According to Rachels, the 1973 AMA statement forbids both active and passive euthanasia

True or False?

Answer 18

False, he thinks that it forbids active euthanasia but allows passive euthanasia

Question 19

According to Rachels, there is no morally relevant difference between active and passive euthanasia

True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

According to Rachels, there is an important moral difference between killing and letting die

True or False?

Answer 20

False, there is no moral difference between killing (active euthanasia) and letting die (passive euthanasia) according to Rachels

Question 21

What fault does Rachels find with the AMA statement?

Answer 21

He thinks the AMA statement allows unnecessary suffering

Question 22

According to Rachels, the AMA policy allows decisions to be made on irrelevant grounds

True or False?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

According to Rachels, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means is the intentional termination of life by passive means.

True or False?

Answer 23

True

Question 24

According to Bonnie Steinbock, the 1973 AMA statement allows for euthanasia in any form

True or False?

Answer 24

False, she thinks that the statement forbids euthanasia in any form

Question 25

According to Steinbock, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means is the intentional termination of life by passive means True or False?

Answer 25

False

Question 26

According to the new AMA statement that we read in class..

Answer 26

Giving a large amount of pain medicine, that will likely kill the patient, is morally acceptable if done with the intent to alleviate pain. & If an informed patient refuses treatment, it is morally acceptable to let them die.

Question 27

According to Libertarianism, every person owns his or her own life True or False?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

It was said in class that Hospers' statement of Libertarianism is reminiscent of Mill's Harm Principle. How are they alike?

Answer 28

Both reject paternalistic interference with the liberty of individuals

Question 29

According to Hospers, the right to property is the obligation to give our excess property to others if doing so prevents something very bad True or False?

Answer 29

False

Question 30

According to Hospers, the function of government is to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of its citizens True or False?

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Laws that require that we help one another makes us into slaves, according to Hospers True or False?

Answer 31

True

Question 32

On a libertarian view, rights are negative or positive only?

Answer 32

Negative

Question 33

What is the difference between a positive right and a negative right?

Answer 33

A positive right requires that we do something for others while a negative right requires only that we not do things to others

Question 34

According to libertarianism, we have no obligation to provide anything for those dying in poverty if we have done nothing to put them in that poverty True or False?

Answer 34

True, because libertarians believe that only negative rights exist

Question 35

Libertarians believe in the right to liberty and the right to property, but they reject the right to live True or False?

Answer 35

False