Ethics exam Flashcards
(34 cards)
Define Utilitarianism
This is the moral theory that is developed by Jeremy Bentham, which argues that the rightness of an action is dependant on the consequence rather than the action itself. It further describes how the action committed should result in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This is also known as the principle of utility.
- Equal weight of everyone’s interests and needs
- Autonomy
- Agree with generally held moral views?
Explain consequences
What consequences does the action have, good or bad?
Explain unknown consequences
We may not know the consequences that will occur after the action
Define morality
The factors that direct our conduct and practice
Define autonomy
The capacity to think, decide and act freely and independently without hindrance.
What is equal weight?
Taking everyones needs and interests into equal consideration in the scenario
Define impartiality
Equal treatment of all rivals and disputants for fairness
7 principles of deontology
- Act out of duty 2. Non-consequential 3. Unconditional worth 4. The categorical imperative 5. Principle of respect 6. Autonomy 7. Rights and interests of the individual - not a comparison
Define deontology
The rightness of actions does not depend on consequences, but the kind of action it is.
What is acting out of duty?
A duty to do the right thing defined by rationale and universally moral rules.
Explain an act which is non-consequential.
The rightness of an act does not depend on how many people are happy
Define the categorical imperative
Act only on that maxim through which should be a universal law
Define principle of respect
Treat human beings as an end to themselves, rather than a means to and end.
Explain the principle of respect
Dont use people
What is unconditional worth?
An individuals existence is important and valuable - you are just as precious as anyone else
What is the right of an individual?
Just concerns the individual, no comparisons are made to other people.
What are the 4 moral principles?
- Autonomy 2. Non-maleficence 3. Beneficence 4. Justice
What is virtue ethics?
Acting morally to become a virtous character
What is beneficence?
Doing good for others
In terms of healthcare, how should HCP be beneficent?
Balancing the benefits of treatment against the risk an costs. A HCP should always do what benefits the patient.
What is non-maleficence?
Avoiding the causation of harm
In terms of healthcare, how should a HCP be non-maleficient?
A HCP should not harm the patient. All treatment has some degree of harm, but the harm should not be disproportianal to the benefits.
What is justice?
People should be treated equally, impartially and fairly without prejudice.
Define paternalism
Not taking an individuals wishes into consideration, in terms of their welfare.
