ethics finals

Question 1

the ability to control or restrain yourself, and the ability to resist instant gratification to achieve long term goals

Answer 1

will power

Question 2

courage to take action for moral reasons despite the risk of adverse consequences

Answer 2

Moral courage

Question 3

the philosophical study of moral principles and values that guide human behavior and decision-making.

Answer 3

Ethical Theory

Question 4

Theorists/ Proponents of Virtue Ethics

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

quotes of will durant

Answer 5

WE ARE WHAT WE REPEATD DO, THERFORE EXCELLENCE IS NOT AN ACT BUT A HABIT

Question 6

repeated practices that form in us character qualities or propensities to act in a certain way in a given situation

Answer 6

Moral Excellence

Question 7

: It is something you develop over time through practice and repetition.

Answer 7

Habituation

Question 8

These are virtues related to feelings, actions, and behavior.

Answer 8

1. Moral Virtues (Ethical Virtues)

Question 9

These are virtues related to the mind and reasoning.

Answer 9

Intellectual Virtues

Question 10

typically refers to a state of feeling pleasure and commitment

Answer 10

happiness

Question 11

eudaimonia mean

Answer 11

virtue leads to happiness

happiness or flourishing

Question 12

Golden Mean

Answer 12

finding the balance between the two extreme states:
“Excess” and “deficiency”
and that is called the virtue.

Question 13

Virtue ethics remarks

Answer 13

Ethics is about becoming a good person by developing virtues and practice them in balance.

Question 14

Virtue ethics Focus &
Key Concepts

Answer 14

-Moral Character of the person

-Moral Excellence, Eudaimonia, Golden Mean

Question 15

Theorists/ Proponents of Care-based ethics

Answer 15

Carol Gilligan

Question 16

Care base ethics remarks

Answer 16

Morality is rooted in caring and compassion

Question 17

its about doing what is right because of a moral commitment to care for others

Answer 17

ethical caring

Question 18

Carol Gilligan 3 levels of Ethics of Care

Answer 18

Pre-Conventional level
Conventional level
Post Conventional level

Question 19

focus on individual needs and survival.
Individuals at this level are primarily concerned with their own well-being and may disregard the needs of others.

Answer 19

Pre- Conventional level
(Caring for Self)

Question 20

individuals prioritize the needs of others and often sacrifice their own well-being to maintain relationships and meet societal expectations.

Answer 20

Conventional level
(Caring for Others)

Question 21

At this level, individuals achieve a balance between caring for themselves and caring for others.

Caring for themselves and caring for others

Answer 21

Post- Conventional
(Balance and Mutual Care)

Question 22

Natural caring meaning

Answer 22

involves caring for someone who is close to you

Question 23

ethical caring meaning

Answer 23

its about doing what is right because of moral commitment to care to others

Question 24

care based ethics meaning

Answer 24

evolved from the need to care for those who cannot care for themselves

Question 25

care based ethics Focus & Key Concepts

Answer 25

-Empathy, relationship, compassion -3 Levels of Caring, Natural and Ethical Carin

Question 26

Theorists/ Proponents of Deontology

Answer 26

Immanuel Kant

Question 27

deontology means

Answer 27

actions are good or bad according to a clear set of rules

Question 28

is an ethical theory that uses RULES to distinguish right from wrong.

Answer 28

Deontology

Question 29

categorical is_________ imperative is __________ what does categorical imperative mean?

Answer 29

- unconditional - command -one should always respect the humanity in others.

Question 30

deontology ethics Focus & Key Concepts

Answer 30

-Duties, Rules, Moral Obligations (Act) -Categorical Imperative, Maxim

Question 31

a universal ethical principle stating that one should always respect the humanity in others, and that one should only act in accordance with rules that could hold for everyone

Answer 31

Categorical Imperative

Question 32

-a personal rule or a general principle that underlies a particular action

Answer 32

maxim

Question 33

Deontology remarks

Answer 33

Actions are moral if they follow universal rules, duties and moral obligations, regardless of outcome.

Question 34

Theorists/ Proponents of Right-based ethics

Answer 34

Immanuel Kant

Question 35

right-based ethics Focus & Key Concepts

Answer 35

Respect for rights Natural, Moral, Legal rights

Question 36

Right base ethics remarks

Answer 36

An act is ethical if protects individual rights like freedom, life, and property, etc.

Question 37

says people have fundamental rights that must be respected and protected, simply because they are human beings

Answer 37

Right-based Ethics

Question 38

are basic rights that all humans are believed to have just by being human, regardless of laws or government

Answer 38

Natural Rights

Question 39

are rights based on ethical principles or moral reasoning, not necessarily written in law.

Answer 39

Moral Rights

Question 40

are rights granted and protected by a country’s laws or law system.

Answer 40

Legal Rights

Question 41

right and wrong are best determined by focusing on outcomes of actions and choices

Answer 41

UTILITARIANISM

Question 42

utilitarianism choice is...

Answer 42

the one that will provide THE GREATEST GOOD for the GREATEST NO.

Question 43

Theorists/ Proponents of Utilitarianism

Answer 43

Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill

Question 44

utilitarianism focus & Key Concepts

Answer 44

-Outcome/ Consequence -Greatest happiness for greater number of people, Reduce pain/suffering, Majority over minority, The end justifies the means

Question 45

Utilitarianism remarks

Answer 45

Actions are right if they produce the most good for the most people.

Question 46

ensuring rightfulness and lawfulness equal and impartial treatment

Answer 46

Justice and Fairness

Question 47

state of being equal and having the same rights, social status. it aims to ensure that everyone gets the same things in order to enjoy full lives about sameness.

Answer 47

Equality:

Question 48

implies giving as much advantage, consideration, or latitude to one party what he need actually. Along with economy, effectiveness, and efficiency. about fairness

Answer 48

Equity:

Question 49

john rawls in ____________

Answer 49

JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS

Question 50

ensures maximum freedom for all

Answer 50

Liberty Principle

Question 51

allows inequalities only if they improve conditions for the disadvantaged

Answer 51

Difference Principle

Question 52

Distributive Justice

Answer 52

fair distribution of resources, benefits, and burdens in society.

Question 53

Retributive Justice

Answer 53

Focused on punishment for wrongdoing.

Question 54

Compensatory Justice

Answer 54

Justice that provides compensation to someone wronged or harmed.

Question 55

Restorative Justice

Answer 55

Justice that seeks to repair the harm caused by a crime, often involving reconciliation between victim and offender. restore the relationship

Question 56

Globalization

Answer 56

interconnectedness of diff countries across the globe

Question 57

what is glocal?

Answer 57

think globally. act locally

Question 58

year gap between generation

Answer 58

from 3;19 to 3;16 to 13gap in 3 generation

Question 59

gen y or millenials

Answer 59

digital pioneer selfie generation

Question 60

gen z

Answer 60

digital native Woke(social issues)

Question 61

gen alpha

Answer 61

ai- native

Question 62

moral challenges

Answer 62

cyberbullying privacy/id theft fake news scamming