Ethics in America DANTES

Question 1

What is the Socratic Method?

Answer 1

That everything is open to question

Question 2

Which philosopher believed that people should always be treated as an end and never a means?

Answer 2

Kant

Question 3

What was the Quaker movement based on?

Answer 3

That each person can be God’s spokesperson

Question 4

Hobbes and Locke did not agree about what?

Answer 4

Locke did not believe that man’s inherent nature was one of war

Question 5

Which of the following was not a belief held by Thomas Aquinas?

• Laws should not punish but simply retrain those that need guidance and virtue
• Humans have a natural inclination to protect life
• Humans are inclined to be good
• Humans have certain inclinations, such a procreation.

Answer 5

Laws should not punish but simply retrain those that need guidance and virtue

Question 6

What was the cornerstone of Rousseau’s social contract?

Answer 6

people should give up their natural rights to the general will for both safety and freedom

Question 7

What are the two branches of utilitarianism?

Answer 7

act and rule

Question 8

What is Aristotle’s “golden mean”?

Answer 8

The average to prevent and under or over response to a situation

Question 9

From which philosopher did Jefferson’s ideas for the US Constitution originate?

Answer 9

Locke

Question 10

Socrates believed all of the following except:

• Ultimate human good is happiness
• People the do not act virtuously need to be punished
• Happiness comes from a virtuous soul
• People that do not act virtuously should be taught virtue and not punished

Answer 10

People the do not act virtuously need to be punished

Question 11

What is Jeremy Bentham’s hedonic calculus?

Answer 11

Attempt to measure happiness

Question 12

According to Plato what are the parts of the soul?

Answer 12

Appetite, Reason, and Spirit

Question 13

What is divine command theory?

Answer 13

God commands what is right and prohibits what is wrong

Question 14

Who said, “Act so that you treat humanity. whether in your own person or in that of another, always as an end and never merely as a means?”

Answer 14

Kant

Question 15

What is the difference between empirical and normative evaluation?

Answer 15

Empirical is considered hard fact; normative demonstrates the evaluator’s belief

Question 16

Who formed the naturalistic fallacy?

Answer 16

Hume

Question 17

Which philosopher opined the the Athenians heeded the concept “might makes right”?

Answer 17

Thucydides

Question 18

John Rawls’ belief that in order to form an equitable social contract one must not know whether they will be wealthy or poor is called:

Answer 18

veil of ignorance theory

Question 19

John Rawls’ position that says individuals must be as free as possible without infringing on the other called?

Answer 19

Original position

Question 20

When Martin Luther King, Jr. said “an unjust las is no law at all,” who inspired him?

Answer 20

Aquinas

Question 21

What do consequentialists believe?

Answer 21

Morality is defined by results, not the action

Question 22

Why did Epicurus believe we should’t fear the gods?

Answer 22

because the gods had no influence on the lives of humans

Question 23

Who believed that a person’s highest ethical duty was loyalty?

Answer 23

Royce

Question 24

What is the definition of philosophy?

Answer 24

the study of basic questions about human life and experience

Question 25

What do objectivists believe?

Answer 25

what is right is always right

Question 26

Epictetus was a famous?

Answer 26

Stoic

Question 27

In the Old Testament, the Covenant is between God and whom?

Answer 27

The Israelites

Question 28

Which philosopher subscribed to all of Aristotle's virtues but added, "faith, hope and love"?

Answer 28

Aquinas

Question 29

What group opposes the deontologist's philosophy?

Answer 29

Consequentialists

Question 30

The hedonist __________ believed that pleasure was good and pain was bad. But, that _______ was the greatest virtue?

Answer 30

Epicurus, Moderation

Question 31

What are the three major categories of ethics?

Answer 31

Normative, applied, meta-ethic

Question 32

What are the two types of virtues according to Aristotle?

Answer 32

Character and intellect

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the conditions in the double effect principle: - There is no good reason for permitting the evil - The action must not be evil - The evil must be the means to a good - The evil must not be intended

Answer 33

There is no good reason for permitting the evil. The fourth condition is there must be sufficiently good reasons to permit the evil.

Question 34

In Plato's work Republic, he discusses a perfect city. All of the following are "virtues" of a perfect city except: - Wisdom - Kindness - Temperance - Justice

Answer 34

Kindness

Question 35

Who of the following do not subscribe to ethical hedonism: - Bentham - Epicurus - Epictetus - John Stuart Mill

Answer 35

Epictetus was a stoic not a hedonist

Question 36

What was The Apology, written by Plato, about?

Answer 36

Defense of Socrates' trial

Question 37

What kind of ethics is the hedonist belief that anything goes in seeking pleasure?

Answer 37

Cyrenean

Question 38

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options - Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain. - Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can't agree. It feels so wrong. - Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It's not fair to her if we don't. - Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy's shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life? Who is the Kantian that believes in categorical imperatives?

Answer 38

Mary asks if the rest of the group would be comfortable the euthanasia as a general rule, which is a categorical imperative.

Question 39

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options - Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain. - Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can't agree. It feels so wrong. - Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It's not fair to her if we don't. - Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy's shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life? Who is the emotivist?

Answer 39

Ann Marie bases her value on her own feeling, the marking of an emotivist

Question 40

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options - Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain. - Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can't agree. It feels so wrong. - Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It's not fair to her if we don't. - Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy's shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life? Who is the utilitarian?

Answer 40

Greg shoe that he is utilitarian by observing that Nancy has no good days left and so it would be best to end her suffering.

Question 41

Nancy was dying of cancer and she was in agony. Her final statement to her husband, Greg, before slipping into a coma, was a request for him to end her suffering. Greg met with her sisters Ann Marie, Sofia, and Mary to discuss the options - Greg: Nancy wishes for her suffering to end. There is no good days left for her. I think we should relieve her of her pain. - Ann Marie: Whether or not she wants to end her suffering, I can't agree. It feels so wrong. - Sofia: But Ann Marie, pain should be avoided. We need to end her suffering. It's not fair to her if we don't. - Mary: Everyone, you need to put yourself in poor Nancy's shoes. If you were suffering would you want someone to end your life? Who is the hedonist? (Epicurist)

Answer 41

Sofia disuse's the avoidance of pain, his is a hedonistic principle

Question 42

What is the harm principle?

Answer 42

the government can coerce only to prevent harm to others

Question 43

Which group of people is not automatically "covered" under the harm principle?

Answer 43

Elderly

Question 44

What is the offensive principle?

Answer 44

that government should be able to prevent the offense of others

Question 45

What kind of law is represented by the statement "suicide is illegal"?

Answer 45

paternalistic law (prevention of self-harm)

Question 46

Before a person can take part in a scientific experiment, many conditions must be met. What are they?

Answer 46

Minimal risk Must understand the risks and make there own decision Can end participation anytime Confidentiality

Question 47

Why did Bentham Believe that animals should be used with care during medical experiments?

Answer 47

because they can experience pain

Question 48

What kind of justice is concerned with the "fairness" of punishment?

Answer 48

Retributive justice

Question 49

What kind of justice is concerned with the fairness of laws that govern a country?

Answer 49

Distributive justice

Question 50

What kind of justice is someone seeking when they sue for malpractice?

Answer 50

Compensatory justice

Question 51

Which group thinks wars are never acceptable?

Answer 51

Pacifists

Question 52

According to the Catholic Church, which of the following is a requirement for a just war? - War must be funded by the government - War must be for a just cause - War must be authorized by a competent authority - War must be fought with the right intentions

Answer 52

War must be funded by the government

Question 53

Which of the following is not a right adopted by the united nations in 1948: - Right to life - Right to pursue happiness - Freedom rights - Subsistence rights

Answer 53

Right to pursue happiness

Question 54

Which of the following is not true about active and passive euthanasia? - Active euthanasia involves an act to bring about one's death - Passve euthanasia involves a lack of acting to bring about one's death - Active euthanasia is practiced by the government in the form of the death penalty - All of the above

Answer 54

All of the above

Question 55

What is the stubborn refusal to consider challenges to an ethical point of view?

Answer 55

Dogmatism