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Second Sem > Ethics Midterm > Flashcards

Ethics Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

One of the first philosopher who explored the nature of feelings and attempted to explain the relationship between and morality

A

Immanuel Kant

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2
Q

When people make moral decisions, feelings comes into play, organizing them and to include inclination affects, passion, and desires

A

Theory of moral feeling

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3
Q

The susceptibility to fill pleasure and displeasure merely from being aware that actions are consistent or contrary to the law of duty

A

Moral feeling

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4
Q

Determines behavior. They influence decision making. Major influences and values formation are one’s family, peers, education, and media

A

Values

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5
Q

Is the study of values. Generally, values are things considered important in life. Values are beliefs that influence people’s behavior and decision making

A

Axiology

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6
Q

A german philosopher known for his work in phenomology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology.

A

Max scheler

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7
Q

He define values as”the international objects of feelings, qualities given originally in the “feeling of something”.

A

Max Scheler

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8
Q

He arranged filipino values in hierarchy, from the basic level at the bottom to the highest level of values at the top.

A

Thomas Quintin Donato Andres

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9
Q

The basic and the most important unit in the Philippine society is the family. Filipino emphasize the importance of close family which remain even throughout adulthood.

A

Closeness in the family

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10
Q

This value is called utang na loob in filipinos reflects the value of reciprocity among filipinos. It refers to the value in which one remembers the favor other people has given to him or her or for him or her to return it in some form or another in the future.

A

Debt of gratitude

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11
Q

Among filipinos, social approval, social acceptance, and sense of belongingness are essential to enable them to function in society

A

Social acceptance

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12
Q

Filipinos work hard for the comfort of their families. Some filipino even opt to work even as a domestic helper just so they can provide for their loved ones.

A

Social mobility

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13
Q

This value is the highest value among filipinos. It refers to the high regard of amor proprio (self esteem) or the strong desire to be respected

A

Self esteem

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14
Q

Moral theory that examines action, whether or not they are done because of duty.

A

Deontology

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15
Q

Refers to the study of duty and the necessity of fulfilling obligation

A

Deontology

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16
Q

Deontology comes from greek word “Deon” which means _______.

A

Necessary

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17
Q

The fifth century astronomer who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

A

Nicolaus copernicus

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18
Q

Means inherent mental capacity.

A

Faculty

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19
Q

Refers to an organism ability to perceive and navigate its external environment, using corresponding sense apparatus.

A

Sentience

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20
Q

Consist of mental faculty to construct ideas and thought we and our immediate surrounding

A

Rationality

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21
Q

Consist in how we imagine things can or should be we can tell an addition or a mental model

A

First construction

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22
Q

It is when we implement the mental model. Capacity to imagine or construct mental images, ability to enact and make real those ideation or mental models.

A

Second construction

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23
Q

Refers to the faculty to intervene in the world, act in a manner that is consistent in our reason

A

Rational will

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24
Q

Ability of a person to act based on her intention and rational deliberation act according to a duties specifically human experience.

A

Agency

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25
Q

It means self law

A

Autonomy

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26
Q

It means others law

A

Heteronomy

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27
Q

Independence or freedom, as of the will or one’s action. The condition of being autonomous self government or the right of self government.

A

Autonomy

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28
Q

The choice that can be determined by pure reason

A

Free choice

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29
Q

The choice determinable only by inclination (sensible, impulse, stimulus)

A

Animal choice

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30
Q

Usually bodily and emotional. it is our body instinct and desires.

A

Sensible impulse

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31
Q

refers to “excellence” of any kind—especially a person or thing’s “full realization of potential or inherent function.” The term may also refer to excellence in “moral virtue

A

Arete

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32
Q

Function as the nutrition and providing the activity of physical growth in a person.
It simply follows the natural process involved in the physical activities and the growth of the person.

A

Vegetative aspect

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33
Q

Works as a desiring faculty of men

A

Appetitive aspect

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34
Q

Where man can attain excellence is in the intellectual faculty of the soul

A

Rational aspect

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35
Q

Is concerned with the attaining knowledge about the fundamental principles and truth that govern the universe

A

Philosophic wisdom

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36
Q

Is an excellence in knowing the right conduct in carrying out a particular act

A

Practical wisdom

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37
Q

Moral virtue is attained by: ____

A

Habit
Process

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38
Q

Kind of wisdom needed to be morally excellent

A

Practical wisdom

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39
Q

A ______ person is concerned with achieving her appropriate action in a manner that is neither excessive nor deficient

A

Morally virtuous

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40
Q

State which one knows that the act applied is not excessive or deficient.

A

Mesotes

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41
Q

State of character concerned with choice lying in mean the mean relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it

A

Virtue

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42
Q

Condition arrived at a by a person who has a character identified out of her habitual exercise of particular actions

A

Moral virtue

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43
Q

The action done which normally manifest feelings and passion are chosen because it is the middle

A

Moral virtue

44
Q

refers to “excellence” of any kind—especially a person or thing’s “full realization of potential or inherent function.”The term may also refer to excellence in “moral virtue

A

Arete

45
Q

Driven by impulses which are generally contrary to reason but can be acted by obeying the dictates of reason

A

Appetitive aspect

46
Q

Parts where excellence can be attained

A

Rational faculty

47
Q

The knowledge of the general principle that constitute reality

A

Philosophical wisdom

48
Q

Knowledge of determining the appropriate action to a given

A

Practical wisdom

49
Q

Concerned primarily with the task of developing a good character

A

Virtue ethics

50
Q

The middle measure of an action, feelings or passion

A

Mesotes

51
Q

State of character, which habitually acts according to the middle measure that practical wisdom identify as the moral choice that should be acted upon, given the concrete situation that present to the person

A

Moral virtue

52
Q

Is moral good and true. Ex. Honoring once promise, doing good toward anyone

A

Virtuous acts

53
Q

Dishonoring oneself or others, lying stealing

A

Non virtuous act

54
Q

Bases virtue in human flourishing, where flourishing is equated with performing one’s distinctive function well

A

Eudaimonism

55
Q

Greek term for happiness

A

Eudaimonia

56
Q

For aristotle, what defines human beings is her function or activity of reasons. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

57
Q

Ancient greek term for end, fulfillment, completion, goal or aim

A

Telos

58
Q

The ultimate end and purpose of human existence the higher purpose the ultimate goal

A

Happiness

59
Q

If you are not craving desiring for more

A

Final end

60
Q

If you are satisfied or fulfilled with what you do

A

Self-sufficient

61
Q

Is typically viewed as a collection of traits that either
contribute to or detract from the moral worth and even the “dignity” of an
individual.

A

Character

62
Q

which is a good or desirable character trait

A

Virtue

63
Q

is a bad or undesirable character trait

A

Vice

64
Q

“Excellence” Everything has a function , it excellence or virtue is
achieved when it fulfills that function.

A

Arete

65
Q

“Excellence” Everything has a function , it excellence or virtue is
achieved when it fulfills that function.

A

Arete

66
Q

Crimes as it were against the fashion police

A

Mistake and aesthetics

67
Q

Considered rude at worst

A

Etiquette

68
Q

Refers to one’s intimate relationship with other person like with her parents sibling children friends or other close acquaintances

A

Personal

69
Q

Second level where moral valuation take place

A

Societal

70
Q

Serves to guide one through the potentially confusing ticket of the individuals interaction with her wider world of social world rules which can come into conflict with one another or even with her own system of values

A

Ethics

71
Q

Does not only refer to the human groups that one belongs to but also refers to the non-human natural world that serves as home and sources of nurturance of all beings

A

Community

72
Q

The one who is tasked to think about what is right and why is it so and to choose to do so, is a human individual

A

Moral agent

73
Q

“Epimeleia hē auto” means?

A

Know thyself

74
Q

The filipino philosopher identify that once identity who one is or who am i is a product of many forces and events that happened outside of one’s choosing

A

Ramon C. Reyes

75
Q

What are the four cross points according to Reyes?

A

Physical
Interpersonal
Societal or society
History

76
Q

Events in the past and materials factors in the present that one did not have a choice in.
Ex: you are a member of homo sapiens
You are your parents child

A

Physical

77
Q

One did not choose her parents and get her personality character traits and her overall way of doing things and thinking about things have all been shaped by the character of her parents and how they brought her up.

A

Interpersonal

78
Q

Who won is is shaped by one society. The term society here pertains to the all the elements of the human group.
Ex: one did not choose that once belong to
You are a Filipino

A

Societal

79
Q

Which is simply the events that once people has undergone.

A

Historical

80
Q

American philosopher who Provided a clear arguments the validity of cultural relativism and the realms of ethics

A

James Rachels

81
Q

Define cultural relativism as the position that claims that there is no such thing as objective truth in the realm of morality

A

James Rachels

82
Q

It is an argument that first assumes that the claim in question is correct, in order to show the absurdity that will ensue if the claims is accepted as such

A

Reductio ad absurdum

83
Q

According to _______ individuals cross points one can see that the reading or interpretation of a particular passage or text is the product of an individual’s embodiment and history and on the other hand her existential ideal

A

Ramon Reyes

84
Q

American moral psychologist who theorized that moral development happen in six stages that he divided into three levels

A

Lawrence Kohlberg

85
Q

Stage where reasoning centers around obedience and the avoidance of punishment to a young man’s child mind an action is good if it enables one to escape from punishment bad if it leads to punishment

A

First stage

86
Q

Correspond to how infants and young children think, reasoning is centered on the consequences of one’s action

A

Preconventional level

87
Q

Stage of reasoning where child learns to act according to what she thinks will serve herself interest

A

Second stage

88
Q

It is the second level of moral development where at this age in which older children, adolescents, young adults learn to conform to the expectation of society.

A

Conventional level

89
Q

Stage when once began to act according to what the larger group she belongs to expect of her.

A

Third stage

90
Q

A stage where achieved when a person realizes that following the dictates of her society is not just good for herself, but more importantly it is necessary for the existence of society itself

A

Fourth stage

91
Q

The third and the highest level of moral development for kohlberg where morally responsible agent recognizes what is good or right is not reducible to following the roles of one’s group. It also represent the individuals realization that the ethical principle she has rationally arrived at take precedence over even the rules or conviction that her society dictates

A

Post conventional level

92
Q

It is the stage where the moral agent sees the value of the social contracts as that which she owe to honor and follow

A

Fifth stage

93
Q

The highest stage of moral development that exist even beyond the 5th of the social contract choosing to perform actions based on universal ethical principle that one has determined by herself. It is where one realizes that all the conventions of society are only correct if they are based on the universal ethical principles

A

Six stage

94
Q

People who may potentially be affected by the implication of a moral situation or by her concrete choice of action

A

Stakeholders

95
Q

Face tribute to the value of impartiality, arguing that an act is good if it will bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of those affected by the action

A

Utilitarianism

96
Q

It puts more emphasis on the supposed objective, universal nature of what is to be considered morally good, basing its reasoning on the theorized existence of a human nature

A

Natural law theory

97
Q

It puts the premium on rational will, fred from all other considerations, as the only human capacity that can determine one’s moral duty

A

Deontology

98
Q

The need for the habituation of one’s character to make any and all of this previous consideration possible

A

Virtue ethics

99
Q

Emphasis on maximizing pleasures and minimizing pain, elevates the human element above the animalistic and above the merely selfish

A

John stuart mills utilitarianism

100
Q

It is better to be a socrates does dissatisfied rather than a pig satisfied

A

Means distance exalts the moral individuals about over and above her purely physical materials feelings or emotion means what is good or right does not simply reduce to what i feel is good for me

101
Q

States as its first natural inclination, the innate tendency that all human being share with all other existing things namely the natural propensity to maintain oneself in one’s existence

A

Thomas aquinas natural law theory

102
Q

Celebrates the rational faculty of a moral agent which sets it above merly sentiens being

A

Can’t deontology

103
Q

Can’t principle that teaches one that no one else can tell her what she ought to do in any particular situation

A

Kant autonomy

104
Q

Aristotle’s virtue ethics teaches one to cultivate her own intellect as well as her characters to achieve you dinomia and her lifestyle

True or false

A

True

105
Q

Aristotle virtue theory teaches that one must always find and act on the misotes with their in treating oneself or any other human being

A

True

Second Sem (8 decks)

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