ETHICS (PRELIMS) Flashcards
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What is the definition of culture in relation to moral behavior?
Culture describes a collective way of life, including attitudes, values, goals, and practices shared by individuals in a group, organization, or society.
How does culture influence moral behavior?
It reflects the moral and ethical beliefs and standards that dictate how people should behave and interact with others.
What are cultural norms?
Cultural norms are shared, sanctioned, and integrated systems of beliefs and practices that characterize a cultural group.
What role do cultural norms play in daily living?
They cultivate reliable guidelines for daily living, contributing to the health and well-being of a culture.
What is the process through which culture is learned?
Culture is learned as children grow up in society and discover how their parents and others interpret the world.
What is cultural relativism?
Cultural relativism is the ability to understand a culture on its own terms without making judgments using the standards of one’s own culture.
What is the difference between descriptive and normative ethical relativism?
Descriptive ethical relativism describes the fact that moral customs and principles vary across cultures, while normative ethical relativism claims there are no universally valid moral principles.
What is an example of a moral behavior considered acceptable in one culture but immoral in another?
Eating beef is moral in the USA but considered immoral in India.
List the six basic Filipino values.
- Pakikisama
- Hiya
- Amor Proprio
- Utang na Loob
- Hospitality
- Respect for Elders
What does ‘pakikisama’ mean?
Pakikisama means going along with others and maintaining good public relations.
What is the significance of ‘hiya’ in Filipino culture?
Hiya is the feeling of lowliness, shame, or embarrassment, related to the concern of how one appears in the eyes of others.
Define ‘amor propio’ in the context of Filipino values.
Amor propio refers to self-respect or self-esteem and is characterized by sensitivity to criticism and a strong sense of dignity.
What does ‘utang na loob’ represent in Filipino culture?
Utang na loob refers to the obligation and responsibility viewed in terms of reciprocity, balancing debts and favors.
How do Filipinos express hospitality?
Filipinos express hospitality through warm welcomes and generous accommodations for their guests.
What is the cultural importance of respect for elders in Filipino society?
Respect for elders involves using polite language and gestures, and it emphasizes dependence and obedience to parental and elder authority.
Fill in the blank: Cultural norms provide a means of achieving a sense of _______.
[integrity, safety, and belonging]
True or False: Cultural relativism suggests that all moral principles are universally valid.
False
What is the foundation of morality?
Ethics works as a guiding principle to decide what is good or bad. They are the standards which govern the life of a person.
What is a human act?
An act which proceeds from the deliberate free will of man.
Define acts of man.
Actions performed without the intervention of intellect and free will.
What are elicited acts?
Human acts that begin and are perfected in the will itself.
What does ‘wish’ refer to in the classification of human acts?
The simple love of anything.
What is the difference between commanded acts and elicited acts?
Commanded acts are perfected by other faculties under the control of the will, whereas elicited acts begin and end in the will itself.
