Ethics Review

Question 1

What are controlled acts?

Answer 1

Authorized acts that health professionals may perform within their scope of practice

Controlled acts can only be performed if authorized to the profession, delegated by an authorized health professional, or if an exemption exists.

Question 2

What does the harm clause state?

Answer 2

No person shall treat/advice a person if serious physical harm may result from such treatment/advice

Question 3

Who can use the title Medical Laboratory Technologist?

Answer 3

Only members of the profession may use this title

Question 4

What organizations advocate on behalf of MLTs?

Answer 4

• OSMT (Ontario Society of Medical Technologists)
• MLPAO (Medical Laboratory Professionals’ Association of Ontario)
• CSMLS (Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science)

Question 5

What constitutes professional misconduct for a member?

Answer 5

Being found guilty of an offence relevant to the member’s suitability to practice

Question 6

Define incompetence in the context of health care professionals.

Answer 6

When a member’s care displays a lack of knowledge/skill or disregard for patient welfare

Question 7

What must employers report to CMLTO?

Answer 7

If they terminate, suspend an MLT, or impose practice restrictions

Question 8

What are the reporting obligations for MLTs?

Answer 8

• Knowledge of a sexual assault during treatment
• Conviction of an offence
• Changes to home address/employment within 30 days
• Report to CAS if child is in need of protection

Question 9

What is the role of Health Canada?

Answer 9

Responsible for health matters including policies, financing projects, and health care for Inuit and First Nations communities

Question 10

What is required for provinces/territories to receive health care funding?

Answer 10

They must abide by the Canada Health Act

Question 11

What are the categories of health care?

Answer 11

• Primary care
• Secondary care
• Tertiary care

Question 12

What is constitutional law?

Answer 12

Addresses the relationship between people and their government, establishing and limiting public power

Question 13

What is statutory law?

Answer 13

Laws passed in parliament, such as those related to immigration, taxation, and health care

Question 14

What distinguishes regulatory law?

Answer 14

Legally binding features of an act made by delegated persons or organizations

Question 15

Define tort law.

Answer 15

Involves wrongs or harms done to a person or their property

Question 16

What is the difference between intentional and unintentional torts?

Answer 16

• Intentional torts involve deliberate harmful acts
• Unintentional torts involve harm caused without intent, such as negligence

Question 17

What constitutes negligence in health care?

Answer 17

When a health care provider fails to meet the standard of care, resulting in patient injury

Question 18

What is the legal right under the Canada Health Act?

Answer 18

Qualified Canadians are eligible for prepaid health care for medically necessary services

Question 19

What types of consent exist in health care?

Answer 19

• Expressed
• Written
• Oral
• Implied

Question 20

What is the order of consent for medical decisions?

Answer 20

• Spouse
• Mother/Father
• Sibling
• Aunt/Uncle

Question 21

What is the age of consent in health care?

Answer 21

There is no specific age; a minor must fully understand treatment, risks, and benefits

Question 22

What is the definition of confidentiality in health care?

Answer 22

The legal and ethical obligation to keep patient health information private

Question 23

What does the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act require?

Answer 23

• Consent for using personal information
• Allow individuals access to personal information
• Appropriate security for personal information

Question 24

What does ethics study?

Answer 24

Standards of right and wrong in human behaviors

Question 25

What are the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence?

Answer 25

* Beneficence: doing good for others * Nonmaleficence: causing no harm

Question 26

What are threats to diversity?

Answer 26

* Stereotyping * Bias * Prejudice * Assimilation

Question 27

What is the Regulated Health Professions Act?

Answer 27

A blanket legislation that sets out the framework for self-regulation of the 25 health professions currently in Ontario.

Question 28

Under what conditions can Controlled Acts be performed?

Answer 28

* The controlled act is authorized to the profession * The act is delegated by a health professional authorized to perform it.

Question 29

What is the role of Professional Associations?

Answer 29

Advocate for members and provide services such as liability insurance and continuing education.

Question 30

What is required of all practicing MLTs regarding their professional portfolio?

Answer 30

Maintain a self-assessment of strengths and weaknesses, record of professional development activities, and a learning plan for the following year.

Question 31

What constitutes professional misconduct?

Answer 31

* Found guilty of an offence relevant to suitability to practice * Incompetence * Failed to cooperate with Quality Assurance Committee * Sexually abused a patient

Question 32

What is Malpractice?

Answer 32

Failure of a health care provider to meet the standard of care, leading to patient injury.

Question 33

What is informed consent?

Answer 33

Patient's understanding and acceptance of treatment and its risks before it is administered.

Question 34

Who can give consent for treatment?

Answer 34

* Capable person receiving intervention * Legal representative or next of kin * Mature minors under certain conditions

Question 35

What is the role of health records?

Answer 35

Documents health care received and must be accurately recorded and maintained.

Question 36

What is the difference between morals and ethics?

Answer 36

Morals define a person's character, while ethics refers to the standards guiding professional behavior.

Question 37

What does beneficence mean?

Answer 37

The ethical principle of doing good or showing kindness.

Question 38

What is nonmaleficence?

Answer 38

The ethical principle of causing no harm.

Question 39

What influences how professionals behave in their field?

Answer 39

The degree to which they honor their profession’s code of ethics ## Footnote Professional ethics guide decision-making and behavior in professional settings.

Question 40

What is an example of a sense of duty in the healthcare profession?

Answer 40

A healthcare provider has an obligation to deliver services to a patient who depends on them ## Footnote This duty encompasses ethical, moral, and competent behavior.

Question 41

What is autonomy in the context of healthcare?

Answer 41

Autonomy recognizes the right of a mentally competent individual to make independent decisions without coercion.

Question 42

What does fidelity require from healthcare providers?

Answer 42

Fidelity requires adherence to professional codes of ethics and fulfilling responsibilities to patients competently.

Question 43

True or False: Friendships in the workplace are always unethical.

Answer 43

False ## Footnote Friendships are acceptable as long as they do not interfere with job performance.

Question 44

What is the difference between bias and prejudice?

Answer 44

Bias is a learned attitude that undermines multicultural acceptance, while prejudice is an unfair dislike of a cultural group.

Question 45

What must healthcare facilities demonstrate regarding cultural differences?

Answer 45

Healthcare facilities must show respect for cultural differences and learn about the cultures of the people they serve.

Question 46

What disparities do Aboriginal communities face?

Answer 46

Aboriginal communities face huge disparities in socioeconomic conditions affecting health and well-being.

Question 47

What is the focus of some health centres for Aboriginal people?

Answer 47

Some health centres focus on incorporating traditional healing practices alongside Western medical beliefs.