Ethics Test 1

Question 1

Philosophy means the ________.

Answer 1

Love of wisdom.

Question 2

Philosophy began around ____ B.C.

Answer 2

600

Question 3

Philosophy began along the coast of modern day ______.

Answer 3

Turkey

Question 4

Philosophy is based on the assumption that nature is _______, ________, and ____________.

Answer 4

Predictable, lawlike, intelligible to humans

Question 5

One definition of philosophy is that it is ________________________________.

Answer 5

The rational, critical investigation of very general questions that can not be answered by empirical science.

Question 6

Four main subjects of study:

Answer 6

Metaphysics, epistemology, value theory, and logic.

Question 7

Metaphysics is:

Answer 7

The nature of ultimate reality: what exists?

Question 8

Epistemology is:

Answer 8

The theory of knowledge: what can we know?

Question 9

Value theory is:

Answer 9

Ethics, political theory, aesthetics: How should we live? What is beauty?

Question 10

Logic is:

Answer 10

The study of proper reasoning

Question 11

The criteria for evaluating ethical theories is:

Answer 11

Simplicity, Clarity, Guidance in making ethical decisions, and consistency with other beliefs.

Question 12

Criteria of Simplicity is:

Answer 12

An ethical theory should be as simple as possible

Question 13

Criteria of Clarity is:

Answer 13

The theory should be as clear as possible.

Question 14

Criteria of Guidance in making ethical decisions is:

Answer 14

The ethical theory should help us make difficult moral decisions when we do not know what ethics requires of us

Question 15

Criteria of Consistency with other beliefs is:

Answer 15

The implications of the theory should be compatible with all or most of our most deeply held moral convictions

Question 16

The three basic types of ethical theories:

Answer 16

Teleological, Deontological, and Virtue Ethics

Question 17

Theories that fall under teleological:

Answer 17

Act and Rule Utilitarianism

Question 18

Theories that fall under Deontological:

Answer 18

Kantian Ethics, Ross’ Ethics, Golden Rule, Divine Command Theory

Question 19

Theories that fall under Virtue Ethics:

Answer 19

Aristotle’s Virtue Ethics

Question 20

Act Utilitarianism

Answer 20

We ought to do whatever maximizes the overall amount of good for everyone effected by our actions.

Question 21

Utilitarianism - People

Answer 21

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Question 22

Rule Utilitarianism

Answer 22

We ought to act in accordance to a set of rules that, if generally followed, would produce the happiest world. Talk about exceptions!

Question 23

Ethical Relativism

Answer 23

There are no objective moral principles, right and wrong are relative to society so what is right and wrong is defined by the views of the majority of the people within a society

Question 24

Kantianism

Answer 24

Always act according to a maxim that you could apply to every situation to find to solution and never use someone simply as a means to an end.

Question 25

Ross' Ethics

Answer 25

``` Using prima facie duties that are our moral duties: Fidelity Reparation Gratitude Justice Beneficence Self-Improvement Non-maleficence ```

Question 26

Divine Command Theory

Answer 26

Following God's Commands, but how do we determine God's commands?

Question 27

Aristotle's Virtue Ethics:

Answer 27

Act as a wise and virtuous person would - not much guidance.