Ethics Y2S2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
6 problems that have been alleged to result from the corporatization of medical practice
- reduced practitioner clinical independence
- vertical integration of services leading to increased / unnecessary referrals and over servicing
- primary focus changing from patient care to consumer model / financial return to owners and / or shareholders
- strain on health budgets resulting from over servicing
- reduced numbers of GPs for rural / remote areas
- reduced student and GP registrar training
- reduced home visits
- reduced standard of care and continuity of care due to increased throughput
- reduced standing of medical profession
What benefits are frequently claimed to result from the inclusion of medical practice under australia’s competition and consumer policies
- cost efficiencies to consumers through greater service competition
- reduction in medical monopolies
- better information provision for patient decision making
- reduction of medical paternalism through advertising, competition, transparency and information provision
- protection against unfair trading
Childhood vaccination is considered to contribute to the “common good” of society BECAUSE apart from non-responders, each child who is immunized is individually protected from relevant diseases.
Assertion true, Reason true, Incorrect causative link.
List 5 social or other factors that are associated with low childhood immunization rates
- Low socio-economic status
- Itinerant nature of some employment
- Single parent family status
- Having 3 or more children
- Family illnesses; mother being ill; chronic illness in family
Does a doctor need to report a patient unfit to drive?
No, they are not legally obliged
How can a doctor be sued if a patient is unfit to drive?
Does not inform patient that he/she is unfit to drive.
In general the AMA is opposed to mandatory notification of driving impairment.
True
Mandatory reporting includes
Births Deaths Immunization Drug dependent persons Blood alcohol if requested
Requirements to fulfill to w/draw life support
1) terminal illness as judged by 2 doctors, < 1 year to live.
2) persistant vegetative state
3) permanently unconscious
4) no hope to recover such that life can be sustained w/o life support
5) against good medical practice
6) no reasonable prospect of regaining capacity for health matters
Ways in which decisions can be made for the incompetent
1) Advanced health directive
2) substituted judgement
3) best interests
Over recent years the decision making power has shifted away from…
best interests
Health practioner’s law regarding advertising
nothing….
a) false / misleading
b) offer gift, discount to attract people unless also states terms and conditions
c) uses testimonials
d) creates unreasonable expectations
e) encourages gross use of regulated health services
What are the 2 models for resolving ethical conflicts in public health
1) childress - testing for…
- effectiveness
- proportionality
- necessity
- least infringement
- public justifcation
2) stewardship model
- states have a duty to look after needs of people
- states recognize that health is a nation’s primary asset
3 restraints of Stewardship model
1) NOT attempt to coerce adults to lead healthy lives
2) Minimise interventions that are introduced without individual consent of those affected OR w/o procedural justice arrangements
3) Minimise interventions that are perceived as unduly intrusive or conflict with personal values
Risk perception problems for parents and immunisation
1) Risks appear more real than advantages of immunization
2) Vaccination risks more visible than disease when disease rates are low
3) Perceived low risk of acquiring illness w/o immunization
4) Perceived low risk of effects of illness
Factors associated with low immunization rates
1) socially disadvantaged / poor
2) frequent family moves
3) sole parents, > 3 children, family disruption
4) mother or children ill
5) dismissive, insensitive attitudes by doctors to anti-vaccination arguments
6) media reports
7) lack of acknowledgment of risks
When can parents apply for exemptions from vaccinations? What must be done first?
1) GP advises that it would be harmful
2) vaccination is against their religion
- parents must be consoled by a doctor on the associated risks of not vaccinating
