Ethnic And National Identities Flashcards
Cashmore and troyna - traditional
For the first Caribbean, Indian and Pakistani families coming to the uk, many faced hostility and racism and discrimination in the workplace. In response to this they turned inwards to create their own communities with people from the same ethnic background (set up places of worship..)
Hebdige traditional
Young black migrants did cultural resistance with the example being Rastafarianism. This is where they strengthened their identity different to being British to resist racism. It involves having dreadlocks, wearing red green and gold and smoked weed
Ghuman traditional
Found that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second generation immigrants in the us and Asian Children are socialised into extended family with emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment. Parents wanted to choose their children’s partners and taught their children’s problems with premarital sex
Anwar traditional
Family can be a source of conflict for Asian children surrounding western clothes, arranged marriages and freedom. Younger gen mix with others at school who hold diff values which can cause arguments at home. Girls are also given less freedom which could cause a culture clash
Butler traditional
Muslim women are surpressed and portrayed as passive victims to their religion and are exploited by men (arranged marriage, kept at home)-interviews from men and women aged 18-30 from youth centres. Found Muslim women pulled away from faith during teens but then came back. Many didn’t consider themselves British due to rasicm so Muslim identity is more important
Archer and Francis traditional
Cultural factors are important in explaining the success of British Chinese school students as Chinese parents take a stronger role in developing their children’s academic success. They talk about their careers and invest time and money and also push their children more than white British parents (tiger mums)
Coard traditional
Argues school curriculum is racist as it is based around one point of view. White history and literature dominates and teachers are dismissive of non standard English (ethnocentric)
Gillborn traditional
Teachers are institutionally racist towards black boys. He thinks they are seen as disruptive and as a threat and so they are negatively stereotyped and labelled so they aren’t in top sets which can lead to a self fulfilling prophecy
Alexander traditional
Asian youths in east London have been unfairly targeted by the police and media, argues there is a myth of the Asian gang created by the media and reports violent clashes which have been exaggerated. Asian boys are criminalised as a result of islamophobia
Sewell traditional
Afro Caribbean families have higher rates of lone parenthood and so boys lack a male role model. He believed they seek out alternative role models in the media which take form of rappers. They promote violence, getting rich quick , objectification and consumer culture. Within their peer groups, status is given to those who have these traits and boys prefer to be with those of similar backgrounds (cultural comfort zones). As they prioritise this anti school subculture, often leave with fewer qualifications
Les back post
Studied council estates in south London and found black, white, Asian youths all shared friends, fashion, music and spoke the same slang (example of hybrid identities) they are trying out cultural masks and cultural borrowing is taking place eg. White and Asians listened rap and ragae
Gill post
Example of hybrid identities Survey of British Asian students and identified a number as blasain and brasian as they adopt black styles of dress and language combined with Asian culture. Listened to black music and had friends that were black e.g rap as well as bangra
Burdsey post
Studies British Asian footballers and found they adopted Asian identity with parents but a white one with peers called code switching and suggested they wear a white mask as they participated in laddish culture like drinking, gambling, sexual discussions and wearing designer clothes to try and conform to their peer group to gain inside contacts and be spotted by scouts
Phillips national
The national curriculum supports the ideology of nationalism as the teaching of national events of myths through history lessons creates a shared consciousness as events are told from British perspective
Nayak post
Example of hybrid identity: white wannabes, white people, especially working class, acting black through music, language and clothes (examples are Eminem)
