Ethnic identity Flashcards
What is identity?
A person’s self-conceptualisation of who they are and how significant a certain aspect of identity (such as ethnicity) is to who they are and who they perceive themselves to be. Aspects of identity can intersect to form who a person is, such as the intersection of class and gender. Similar identities, such as the merging of two ethnicities can be referred to as hybridised identities.
What are hybrid identities?
This is when someone’s sense of identity is a mixture of two or more influences. An example of this can be seen through second or third generation immigrants as they grew up in one culture but still feel a connection to their origin culture.
What is Nayak (2003) view on ethnic identity?
He uses the term, “white wannabes,” to describe white British males who dress, act and speak in a way that is influenced by black hip-hop culture. A famous parody example is Ali G created by Sacha Baron Cohen.
What did Back (1996) discover about ethnic identities?
White youths adopted aspects of black culture including dress codes and music taste
What is Jafaican?
A style of speech used in particular areas of London by young white people which is influenced by African - Caribbean speech. This isn’t an attempt to Jamaican speech but a product of the multiculturalism nature of certain parts of London where mixed groups of white and black youth influence one another helping to create a hybrid dialect
What does Modood (1997) point out about British Asians?
that there are different nationalities, religions and languages within Asia
What did Ghumann (1999) find out about the importance of tradition?
that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in raising a second generation Asian in the UK and that Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family with the emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious community
What is the term, “Black Atlantic,” (Gilroy 1993)?
The term is shared by black people that the shared experience of racism, slavery and feeling powerless throughout history is helping to create the black identity
What is Cashmore and Troyna (1990) view on ethnic identity?
They argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to “turn inwards” to seek support from within their ethnic community. Religion and culture may be strengthened into their identity as a result.
What is Winston James’ (1993) view on ethnic identity?
He suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African - Caribbean people in the UK. Black people from the Caribbean had differences based on island of origin and skin colour. In the UK, the experience of racism drew African- Caribbean people together
What is Jacobson (1997) view on ethnic identity?
She argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a sense of Islamic identity in contrast to British society. Many British Muslims faced difficulties and problems and the Muslim identity gives them a sense of stability and security. This positive embrace of Islamic culture in terms of diet, dress and other religious practices is a form of defense and resistance to racism and marginalisation not just absorbed through the family
What was Modood (1997) view on ethnic identity?
He found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting that second - generation ethnic minority immigrants feel more British than their parent but their ethnic origin still fuels part of their ethnic identity
How do Post modernists view ethnic identity?
Due to a globalised world full of media, identity is a choice and ethnic hybridity is causing ethnicity to be a less significant part of identity
How does Brah (1996) use the term cultural code switchers to explain ethnic identity?
She argues that young Pakistanis are skilled cultural code switchers and that is is a more appropriate way to see their identity than as a hybrid. She suggests that the idea of two culture is misleading since neither White British culture nor Asian culture is clear cut. The idea that young Braisians experience conflict or a culture - clash isn’t backed up by evidence and most will find ways to negotiate their own identity
Who coined the term “Braisians,”?
Johal (1998)
