Ethnicity Flashcards
1
Q
Three external factors
A
- Material factors (deprivation)
- Cultural factors (deprivation)
- Racism in wider society
2
Q
Material deprivation (external)
A
Palmer
- Ethnic families are more likely to live in poor quality housing and run down areas
- Asian families are more likely to live in extended family units leading to overcrowding
- Some religious practices restrict women working eg purdah
- Recent migrants to the UK may lack the language skills needed to get good employment
- Minority groups may face racial discrimination in the workplace and housing market
3
Q
Evaluation of material deprivation (Palmer)
A
- Internal factors could have a larger impact
- For some material deprivation acts as an incentive to work harder to ensure a better future
- Statistics suggest that children of a Chinese or Indian background perform better at GCSEs
4
Q
Cultural deprivation (3 factors)
A
- Intellectual and linguistic skills
- family support and structure
- Negative attitudes towards eduction
5
Q
Intellectual and linguistic skills (external)
A
- Children who don’t speak English as a first language are likely to struggle in school
- Bereiter and Engelmann raise concerns about the language used by young black people at home (language was inadequate eg restricted, ungrammatical and colloquial) so they struggled to access schools reading materials and were unable to communicate effectively
- Causing underachievement
- If a child speaks another language at home, it impedes on their performance
6
Q
Evaluation of intellectual and linguistic skills
A
- Different speech codes doesn’t automatically mean it is inferior
- Labelling could be a better explanation as to why black children perform less academically
- Speaking a second language is a skill and can enhance your skills
7
Q
Family structure and parental support
A
- Studies carried out into ethnic differences between families
- Focused on the approach of families
- Studies in to single parenthood in black communities
- Moynihan argues this is especially problematic for black boys who lack a positive male role model who support educational development
- Single mothers have other responsibilities so are unable to help their child with children being left to their own devices
- Murray : single parenthood is an unstable environment to raise your child
- Pryce : Black children are less resilient to racism than asian people due to it being damaged by slavery - Studies in to the Asian work ethic
- Lupton : Indian and chinese tend to do better because of their parents attitudes
- The Asian work ethic = parents have higher expectations and supportive of schools
- Chinese mums = tiger mums meaning they take an aggressive approach to their Childs education and expect them to work hard and embrace extra curricular
8
Q
Evaluation of family structure and parental support
A
- researchers discount the positive effect that single mothers have on girls
- Not all asian children succeed eg Bangladeshi are amongst the worst performing at GCSE
9
Q
Negative attitudes towards education (external)
A
- BAME boys are more likely to gravitate to subcultures described by Sugarman eg fatalistic and immediate gratification
- Reject mainstream culture and participate in behaviours challenging norms and values
- They prioritise socialising and fun above studying
10
Q
Cultural deprivation (3 theories)
A
- Lacks the norms, values and experiences needed to succeed
- Intellectual and linguistic skills
- Family structure and support
- Negative attitudes towards education
11
Q
Evaluation of negative attitudes
A
- Issues internal to the school could play a larger role in underachievement eg pupil behaviour
- Negative attitudes could be due to racism in wider society
12
Q
Racism in wider society
A
- Racialism is discrimination and prejudice against people for their skin colour, heritage or religion
- This blights the experiences of BAME communities
- Rex notes that racism has impacts on both material and social experiences as highlighted by palmer
- Wood sent out 1000 fictional applications for vacancies and found that white sounding names were twice as likely to be offered interviews
- Young people can feel demotivated, undervalues ad socially isolated which can impact on self-esteem
13
Q
Evaluation of external racism
A
- Racism in wider society is not the only problem, institutional racism within schools also play a role
- BLM movement has challenged the extent of racism
14
Q
Internal factors
A
- Teacher labelling
- Pupil identities
- Subcultures
- Institutional racism
15
Q
Teacher labelling (internal)
A
- Process where teachers makes assumptions about a pupil + treats them as if that judgement is already true
1. Black pupils are prone to stricter discipline from teachers (radicalised expectations of pupils based on their skin colour eg black pupils more likely to be labelled as disruptive + it is a hostile environment)
This teacher discipline goes on to have a number of impacts on pupils achievement eg could result in the pupil losing access (quicker to exclude and 80% of pupils who are excluded fail to get 5 GCSEs)
2. Asian pupils are assumed to have an inferior language and culture (Teachers possess an ethnocentric view of the world, presumed asian pupils had a poorer sense of the English language so spoke to them in simple language, made presumptions asian girls would lack ambition due to cultural heritage and didn’t make an effort to learn to pronounce some pupils names)
