Ethnicity Flashcards
(23 cards)
How does poverty prevent a child from receiving a good education?
Parents are less able to meet the hidden costs of education such as money for school trips and home resources such as computers.
What % of Black African & Black Caribbean households are in income poverty compared to White?
According to Labour Force Survey 2004/2005:
- 20% white british
- 30% black caribbean
- 45% black african
How does poverty in a family affect education?
Lack of money impacts negatively on family dynamics especially parental involvement in education, and have the effect of lowering educational aspirations
What is the unemployment rate for ethnic minorities?
12.9% compared to 6.3% of white people
How do living standards affect education?
30% of Pakistani or Bangladeshi people live in overcrowded accommodation. while for Black people the figure is 26.8 and for white people 8.3%
This can make it difficult for children to find and place to study and complete homework as well as missing the encouragement from parents
How would intellectual and linguistic skills affect educational achievement?
Children who do not speak English may be held back educationally. However, in 2010 pupils with English as their first language were only 3.2% ahead of those with it as their second language.
Gilborn notes that Indian pupils often do well despite often not having english as their first language.
How do attitudes and values affect educational achievement?
Lacking motivation can be seen as a major cause for failure in Black children. Most children and socialised into mainstream culture which equips them for success in education.
In contrast, some black children are socialised into a subculture that installs a fatalistic attitude,
How does family structure and parental support affect educational achievement?
- African Caribbean family life has identified as having a higher than average proportion of of single parent households
- Absence of a male role model can have an effect on these students, especially boys
- Daniel Moynihan argues that these children are deprived of adequate care because lone mothers have to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner
Tony Sewell (2009) - Fathers, gangs and culture
- Sewell argues that it is not the absence of the fathers as role models but a lack of fatherly nurturing or ‘tough love.’
- This results in black boys not being able to overcome the emotional and behavioural difficulties of adolescence.
What in-school factors affect ethnicity and educational achievement?
- Teacher Labelling
- Institutional Racism
- Pupil Subcultures
What was Cecile Wrights research on labelling and stereotyping?
Teachers perceived ethnic minority children as a problem that could be ignored, receiving the least attention and being excluded from class discussion. (Teachers cannot be having much of an impact on their education and it must be home factors that explain why Asian students do better that the vast majority) African-Caribbean children were expected to behave badly and received considerable attention, mainly negative.
What did David Gilborn say about teacher labelling?
- He found that although the majority of teachers tried to treat students fairly, they tended to see African-Caribbean children as a threat when no threat is intended.
- Ethnocentric perceptions made their actions racist. African-Caribbean children were more subjected to the schools detention system.
What is the main problem of Gilborns study?
Based on a small scale sample and is very dated. It tells us nothing about whether stereotyping and labelling is evident today
To what extent are teachers today racist?
Whilst there is less direct racism from teachers today, racism in the system is ignored within students experiencing racism as teachers don’t know how to deal with it.
What is institutional racism?
Where discrimination against minority groups is built into the organisation of the school.
What is the ethnocentric curriculum?
A curriculum that reflects the culture of one dominant group, for example the white majority culture in Britain - schools work around Christian holidays, British history, European languages etc.
What did Crozier find about institutional racism?
(Examined experiences of racism amongst Pakistani and Bangladeshi pupils)
Pupils in his study often kept to themselves as they feel excluded by their white peers and marginalized by school practices.
Pupils experienced careers advisors at school believed South Asian girls were bound by tradition and it was a waste of time, advising them against it.
What further evidence for institutional racism is provided by Tariq Modood?
Looking at the best universities, white people are more likely to receive an offer than other identical candidates. For example, while a White student has a 75% chance of receiving an invitation to study, a Pakistani candidate, identical in every way, has only a 57% chance of an offer.
What are pupil subcultures?
Groups of students who share some values, norms and behaviour which gives them a sense of identity, and provide them a status through peer group affirmation.
What evidence does Tony Sewell provide for pupil subcultures?
Observed that Black Caribbean boys may experience considerable pressure by their peers to adopt the norms of an urban or street subculture.
More importance is given to unruly behaviour to teachers and antagonistic behaviour with students than to high achievement or effort to succeed, particularly at secondary school.
What did Mac an Ghail’s research show?
He looked at 3 different subcultures - the Asian Warriors, the African-Caribbean Rasta Heads and the Black Sisters.
Used mainly participant observation in the school and through befriending students and socialising with them outside of the school.
He found that the African Caribbean community experienced the workly in very different ways to white people due to institutional racism and anti-school attitudes.
Is the impact of pupil subculture on education still relevant today?
They are probably less important as there seems to be less resistance to school today then there has been in previous years.
What is the main problem of Gilborns study?
Based on a small scale sample and is very dated. It tells us nothing about whether stereotyping and labelling is evident today
