Ethnicity

Question 1

CD
1) Intellectual and linguistic skills
BOWKER

Answer 1

• lack of SE creates a huge barrier to UK education
  EAL- English as an additional language
  link to BERNSTEIN
  ‘sociolinguistics’ and restricted code

Question 2

Criticism of intellectual and linguistic skills

Answer 2

THE SWANN REPORT
- lang differences had little impact on achievement
X does not explain why Indian pupils do so well

Question 3

CD
2) Attitudes and Values
ARNOT

Answer 3

Black Machismo
- the media created negative role models for black pupils
- ultra tough ghetto superstar
- reinforced through rap lyrics and MTV videos
- boys who lack father figure
- anti authority

Question 4

Why is attitudes and values a factor of cultural deprivation?

Answer 4

Different ethnic groups are socialised into or inherit different attitudes and values

Question 5

Criticisms of CD 2) Attitudes and Values

Answer 5

X Reductionist- not all will be influenced negatively
- not all rap lyrics are negative

Question 6

CD
3) Family structures and Parental support
MOYNIHAN AND MURRAY

Answer 6

• African Caribbean lone-parenthood to blame
• lack of male role model
• mother struggle to socialise children adequately

Question 7

CD
3) Family structures and Parental support
SCRUTON

Answer 7

Low achievement is the result of ethnic minorities failing to embrace and conform to British culture
- lack of cultural assimilation

Question 8

CD
3) Family structures and Parental support
PRYCE N HALL

Answer 8

• Asian culture ignores racism more effectively
• impact of slavery means B less likely to assimilate and integrate with white MC led to their loss of lang, religion, ancestry
  HALL calls this ‘culture of resistance’

Question 9

CD
3) Family structure and Parental support
DRIVER & BALLARD

Answer 9

Asian families have a more pro school than black families
- extended family unit
- rarely lone parents
- offer a bigger support network for their children

Question 10

CD
3) Family structure and Parental support
LUPTON

Answer 10

Suggests Adult Authoritarian Asian families match that of the school
- Tiger parenting
- embraces multiculturalism

Question 11

Criticism of CD Family structure and Parental support

Answer 11

DRIVER- ethnicity can be an advantage- AF CRB girls do well
KEDDIE- to blame culture is to blame victims of educational failure
X relies of generalisations
X ignores compensatory education

Question 12

MD
FLAHERTY

Answer 12

15% of minority groups live in overcrowded homes
LINK TO DOUGLAS SC
Pakistanis are 2X more likely to be in semi-skilled jobs compared to whites

Question 13

MD
THE SWANN REPORT

Answer 13

Social class differences account for a high proportion of differences in achievement between ethnic groups

Question 14

RACISM IN SOCIETY
MASON

Answer 14

Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic origin

Question 15

RACISM IN SOCIETY
REX

Answer 15

• Racism leads to social exclusion and accordingly poverty
• shown in housing employment and education
• discrimination inside and outside the classroom

Question 16

RACISM IN SOCIETY
NOON

Answer 16

-sent identical letters to 100 top UK companies
- ‘Evans’ and ‘Patel’
- responded to ‘white’ candidate in a more helpful and informative way

Question 17

Criticisms of RACISM IN SOCIETY

Answer 17

• Companies want to reflect diversity and actively seek to employ people from ethnic minority groups
  CEP- recruitment campaign

Question 18

ALL EXTERNAL CONCEPTS

Answer 18

• Cultural deprivation
• Material deprivation
• Racism in society

Question 19

1) Labelling and teacher racism
BECKER

Answer 19

Black and Asian pupils are labelled negatively

Question 20

1) Labelling and teacher racism
GILLBORN AND YOUDELL
- rationing education

Answer 20

Teacher hold racialised expectations against pupils
- misinterpret behaviour and see black pupils as anti-authority
- conflict between teacher and pupil then reinforces stereotype
- quick to discipline them

Question 21

1) Labelling and teacher racism
WRIGHT
- early education

Answer 21

Asian pupils are left out of class discussions as they have their names mispronounced
- covert racism
- victims oof labelling due to teacher ethnocentric views
- marginalisation leads to underachievement

Question 22

1) Labelling and teacher racism
BOURNE & FOSTER

Answer 22

• Black boys seen as a threat and labelled negatively
• placed in lower sets and streams
• receive more exclusions

Question 23

2) Pupil responses and subcultures
FULLER N MAC AN GHAILL

Answer 23

Reject the idea that labels stick
- y11 black girls in lower streams but achieving highly
- don’t conform o the values of respecting teachers
- do value educational success

Question 24

2) Pupil responses and subcultures
MIRZA

Answer 24

Failed strategies for avoiding racism
1- The colour blind
2- The liberal Chauvinists
3- The overt racists
- some pupils may not develop coping strategies to deal with racism by teachers so girls are more selective and have limited options of who they can ask for help

Question 25

2) Pupil responses and subcultures SEWELL

Answer 25

Loose Cannons - strategies black boys used to cope with racism - concluded teachers hold stereotype of black machismo 4 responses to teacher racism 1- conformity 2- rebellion 3- retreatism 4- innovation

Question 26

3) The Ethnocentric Curriculum TROYNA AND WILLIAMS

Answer 26

The national curriculum is specifically British and only focuses of white culture - ignores non-European languages, literature, music

Question 27

3) The Ethnocentric Curriculum BALL

Answer 27

'Little Englandism' describes the way the curriculum focuses on white British culture - largely ignores the history of black and Asian people

Question 28

3) The Ethnocentric Curriculum COARD

Answer 28

Black culture and history is taught to be primitive and how white people civilised these groups White connected with pure and good Black connected with evil

Question 29

Criticism of 3) The Ethnocentric Curriculum

Answer 29

- celebrate black history month - music lessons place emphasis on exploring world wide instruments - aware of celebrating diversity - PE- dance and music style

Question 30

What is Institutional racism?

Answer 30

Results from the in built discrimination within institutions such as the police, media, education

Question 31

4) Institutional Racism HATCHER

Answer 31

Racist behaviour goes unchallenged and ignored in schools - lack of formal strategies to deal with the events

Question 32

4) Institutional racism TROYNA

Answer 32

The lack of provision for teaching Asian languages is a form of institutional racism - certain Asian groups put at a disadvantage on a day to day basis

Question 33

5) Selection and Segregation GILLBORN

Answer 33

The marketisation of education puts ethnic minorities at a disadvantage because schools are more selective of who they enrol

Question 34

5) Selection and Segregation MOORE & DAVENPORT

Answer 34

schools create ethnic segregation

Question 35

5) Selection and Segregation THE COMMISSION FOR RACIAL INEQUALITY 1996

Answer 35

3 BIASES 1- racist bias in enrolment interviews 2- lack of info available in minority languages 3- minority parents unaware of enrolment procedures