Ethnicity

Question 1

Sharma + Sankaran (2011)

Answer 1

• survey of British born individuals to find out how immigrant communities integrate
• asked 2 British Asian men to record themselves in different social and professional situations
• analysed key uses of accent features typical of Asian English
• suggested older group in 60s/70s needed to integrate linguistically when faced with hostile anti-immigrant environment which lasted till the 80s- achieved by code switching
• by next generation hostility reduced, neighbourhoods more ethnically mixed, reducing need of speakers to switch between speech

Question 2

Ben rampton

Answer 2

‘Creole was widely seen as cool, tough and good to use’
It was associated with assertiveness, verbal resource-fullness, competence in heterosexual relationships and opposition to authority (2010)

Question 3

Roger Hewitt (1986) and Mark Sebba (1993)

Answer 3

Identified ‘black cockney’ in the 80s

Question 4

John Pitts (2012)

Answer 4

Noticed shift among young black English speakers. Felt mainstream society was ignoring + constraining them towards a resistance identity. Move from ‘sounding like Ian wright to sounding like bob Marley’

Question 5

Bucholtz (2001)

Answer 5

Looked at language of ‘white nerds’ who deliberately distance themselves from white peers who are more willing to adopt ‘cooler’ black speech styles

Question 6

Vin Edward’s (1986)

Answer 6

• recorded people of Jamaican descent in Dudley, West Midlands where a form of Jamaican creole was spoken
• Edward’s interviewed in different situations:
  -> formal interview, old white researcher
  -> discussion with black peer group
  -> casual conversation with black field worker
• key features which differentiated speakers from RP and standard English: 3rd person singular present tense, 1st person singular, plurals, vowels and dentals

Question 7

Marh Sebba (1980s)

Answer 7

Given slower rate of immigration from Jamaica, reasoned young speakers (2nd/3rd generation) likely to have had wide contact with white British community and adapted speech accordingly
HOWEVER young Caribbean’s used MLE eateries more strongly than other groups -> retain linguistically and socially distinct identity