Ethnicity and crime Flashcards
Give stats of how many guilty white, black and Asian pp are found in court and how much of the UK prison population is black and white.
44% Asians found guilty in court 60% whites found guilty in court 52% UK prison population black 88.3% UK prison population white 13.2% black pp found guilty in court.
Give 3 internal reasons for crime.
Reiner’s canteen culture, labelling, policing the crisis.
Describe the Macpherson report.
Stephen Lawrence:
•22 April 1993, killed by gang of white men in racist attack
Suspects weren’t charged- insignificant evidence.
•August 2020, police declared investigation “inactive”.
•2012, 2 suspects found guilty of his murder sent to prison, after new evidence.
Macpherson report:
•after Stephen’s murder police characterised by institutional racism (day-to-day activities of organisation based upon racist ideas).
Came up with recommendations to improve police.
What recommendations did the Macpherson report put forward to change the police force?
- Treatment of victims and witnesses.
- Prosecuting racist crime.
- Massive list of changes, what do the police do right.
What is Reiner’s canteen culture?
canteen culture amongst police, encourages racist stereotypes and mistrust of those from non-white backgrounds.
Describe Bowling and Phillips theory for labelling causing crime.
high lvl robbery amongst black pp, product of labelling from regular stop and search- self-fulfilling prophecy.
Describe Hall’s theory of policing the crisis as a reason for crime.
Hall- mugging moral panic.
Stereotypical reporting represented young black men as potential muggers.
State needed scapegoat, young black suitable because of powerlessness and lack of representativeness to speak on their behalf.
Give evidence that black people are discriminated against within the justice system.
Sharp and Budd- black offenders likely have contact with criminal justice system, arrested and convicted. Despite lower lvl of offending compared to white pp.
Give stats for Asian, black and mixed race stop and search rates.
2014, 65 black, 23 Asian, 28 mixed race pp stopped and searched per every thousand in the population, compared with 15 white pp per every thousand.
What external factors lead to crime ?
Class differences and crime and deprivation.
According to Left Realists, Lea and Young how do class differences lead to crime?
high lvl crime exist in inner city areas, often with lots of ethnic minorities, those who live here main victims.
What are the 3 reasons for crime, according to Left Realists and why?
Relative deprivation- racial discrimination/ motivated attacks.
Marginalisation- young unemployed blacks marginalised, frustrations expressed in illegal activity.
Subcultures- Pryce; ethnography of St Paul’s, young blacks involve in street crime to get by in everyday life.
What do right realists say causes crime?
Underclass, African Caribbean matrifocal lone-parent families are reason for crime.
More likely commit crime no male role model.
Describe the broken window theory as a Right Realist explanation for crime.
If you live in a poor area and have ‘broken windows’ more
likely to be revictimized. It’s the pp fault that they are in that situation because they don’t care where the live. E.g., migrants have no roots so they don’t care.
Shaw and McKay- area don’t care about surroundings more victimisation. No security robbed continuously
What is the British Asian experience?
Asians used to fit police stereotype of typical offender, illegal immigrant.
Low lvl Asian criminality due to strong communal, religious and family ties, against criminality.
Have things to cope with marginalisation/ relative deprivation, when discriminated against, have system to not turn to crime.
