Ethnicity and education Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the definition of race?
Physical perceived differences that groups and cultures consider socially significant
What is the definition of ethnicity?
Shared culture such as language, ancestry, practices and beliefs
Who spoke about linguistics?
Bowker
What did Bowker say about linguistics?
Argues there’s a lack of standard English in BAME cultures and backgrounds = a barrier to UK education
What did the swann report find?
Language has a very limited impact on educational achievement and couldn’t explain why those from other backgrounds and outperform white British learners
Why was the swann report created?
To give attention to the education needs and attainment of pupils of West Indian origin and to make recommendations asap in interest of this group
How is cultural capital relevant?
Symbolic elements such as clothing, posture, linguistics (colloquialism) come into play when considering achievement as most upper class individuals are white and british thus aspiration tend to be white british ideals
What did Arnott say about attitudes and values of BAME?
The media have created a negative anti school role model for black pupils, described as ‘the ultra tough ghetto superstar’ reinforced through rap lyrics and MTV videos
What did strand find about attitudes and values of BAME?
found that Indian students are the ethnic group most likely to complete homework 5 evenings a week, parents are most likely to always know where their child is
What did Francis and archer say about attitudes and values of BAME?
High value is placed on education by parents, coupled with a strong cultural tradition of respect of ones elders
What family is to blame for ethnic underachievement according to Murray?
Single parent familes - single mothers
- African Caribbean lone parenthood to blame
- Lack of male role models means that mothers struggle to socialize children adequately (Murray)
- Causes black boys to seek role models elsewhere
What does Hall say?
The impact of slavery means that much of the black culture has lost its language, religion, ancestry etc. thus making them less likely to integrate and assimilate with white middle class UK
- Called a “culture of resistance”
What did Pryce say in addition to Hall’s point?
Asian culture: more able to resist racism due to social cohesion = not effected by it as much
How does material deprivation play a part?
Flaherty:
- Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are 3x more likely than white counter parts to be in the poorest 1/5 of the population
- 15% of minority groups live in overcrowded homes (2% for white counter parts)
What did the Swann report find in relation to MD?
Social class differences account for a high proportion of differences in achievement between ethnic groups
What statistics are there for educational achievement between ethnic groups?
2018 Point score for GCSES
Asian - 50
Black - 45
White - 46
What does the statistics show?
Indians and Chinese do significantly better than other counterparts
Gap between Africans and Caribbean
Africans perform better than Carribeans and Whites = difference between the 2 cultures (A&C)
What scholars support the differences in educational achievement in Asian groups?
Basit - Indian and Pakistani families have a culture of promoting educational capital to obtain social mobility
Modood - even amongst the working class, asian families promote education
What scholars support the differences in educational achievement in Black groups?
- Sewell: 24% of black households are single parent compared to 10% white
> overwhelming workload - Vincent et al: black middle class parents had high level of interest in child’s education
> in school factors maybe to blame for lower educational achievement
What are critiques of ethnic differences in achievement?
- Intersectional nature of students’ experiences
> class and gender have an impact - Outdated research based in 1960s and 70s
> generalisations and contemporary society
> focused on 1st generation of migration in the UK, ignores 3rd generation and etc who have been exposed to the norms and values of british society - Underrepresentation and inequality in life chances for groups that excel in education according to statistics
Who speaks about racism as a whole?
Mason, Rex and Noon
What did Mason argue?
‘Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of britain citizens of minority ethnic origins’
What did Rex find?
Racism leads to social exclusion and poverty
> shown in housing, employment and education
> racism leads to discrimination inside and outside the classroom
What did Noon do?
Sent identical letter to 100 top UK companies but altered between the names “Evans” and “Patel”
> Replies to the ‘white’ candidate were more helpful and informative
