ethnicity and identity Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is meant by an ethnic identity?
where individuals assert their identity primarily in terms of the ethnic group and culture they belong to
what is Anwar 1998 and Ghuman’s 1999 view on ethnic identities?
south Asian families emphasised family obligation and loyalty and a commitment to religion
how does the education system reinforce ethnic identities?
through the establishment of ethnic based religious schooling or through effects of racism.
what does Sewell say about black identities?
they were reinforced as young black students coped with racist teacher stereotypes of ‘black machismo’ by forming peer anti-school subcultures.
what did Sewell find about macho black identities?
many aspects were derived from mass media.
what is meant by the cultural defence thesis?
immigrants have stronger cultural belief to maintain identity.
what does Jacobson 1998 say about religion and ethnic identities?
it is an important agent in socialising minority ethnic identities.
he found Islam has become of growing significance as a source of identity to young British Pakistanis, partly in response to to social exclusion, racism and lack of opportunity
what is Fannon’s 1953 view on ‘white mask identities’?
suggests that black immigrants adopted the culture of dom white society in which they lived in an attempt to achieve social acceptance.
what is Johal’s 2008 view?
this strategy is now being adopted by members of Asian community who deny their own ethnic origin as a form of survival strategy.
what is meant by diaspora?
the spread of an ethnic group around the world e.g. Indian diaspora
what is meant by globalisation?
the process by which societies become increasingly interconnected
what is meant by hybrid identities?
identities made up of more than one ethnicity e.g. African Indian
what does Hall 1992 suggest about ethnic identities?
ethnic identities are becoming harder to identify, with globalisation and diasporas merging cultures and creating new ethnicities
different ethnic groups begin to ‘borrow’ styles, dress, diet, lang, and music from each other creating hybrid ethnic identities
what does Phillips 2007 say about ethnic identities in Britain?
“there are more and more different kinds of people rubbing against each other than at any time in human history”. whilst some groups have distinctive cultures with clear customs and values others have more hybridised identities.
what is the view of ethnicity as an identity?
it’s been a way of resisting racism and disadvantage in response to issues such as ethnocentric education and institutional racism many young people face. young ppl resist the denial of status and the devaluing of their culture through racism. they seek to reclaim their identity.
what does Goffman 1990 say about stigmatised identities?
impression management to hide certain aspects of their identity from others.
some sociologists suggest a similar process can be observed in regards to Muslims.
what is said about Muslim identities and impression management?
since the bombing of twin towers in 2001 and London bombings in 2005 the media has formed the basis for stereotyping all Muslims in the popular imagination. :- increased islamophobia and Muslim identity ‘stigmatised’
what did Warsi 2011 say about Muslim’s being stigmatised?
prejudice against Muslims had become normalised and it had become acceptable to talk about Muslims in a bigoted way.
what is meant by nationality?
it is a legal status, with rights and responsibilities attached to being a citizen.
Most commonly gained through birth or marriage, can be gained through naturalisation.
what does Hall 1992 suggest about nationality and identity?
every nation has a collection of stories, images and symbols of its shared experiences with people draw on to construct national identity. e.g. national anthem, flag.
what is national identity reinforced by as said by Robert Bellah?
‘civil religion’ - ceremonies and rituals which ‘worship’ the state. e.g. St Georges day
what is meant by a British identity?
in 2004 British was defined as speaking English, holding citizenship and following the countries laws. 34% said it was self defined.
what did Norman Tebbit say about British Identity?
in 1990 it was which side you cheered for in Cricket.
what does Brown say about British identity?
he defined it as based on shared values rather than ethnicity - things such as commitment to liberty for all, social responsibility and fairness.
