Ethnicity & Criminality Flashcards
(15 cards)
What % of UK population are Black people vs the prison population
Black people make up 3% of population yet 13.1% of prison population
What are majority of crimes according to British crime survey?
Most crimes are intra-ethnic, both offender and victim are the same ethnic group
2007 — 90% of crimes where the victim is white, one of the other offenders was white
Which ethnic group are more likely to be stopped and searched?
In 2008, ministry of justice reported that compared to white people, black people were 7 times more likely to be stopped and searched
For each ethnicity, what are their odds of being tasered?
Asians - 3 in 10,000
Whites — 6 in 10,000
Blacks — 18 in 10,000
What is institutional racism according to the MacPherson report?
The collective failure of an organisation to provide appropriate care and professional service to people because of their culture, colour present within metropolitan police system and policing
What recommendations were made in the McPherson report?
- Police forces should be representative of the communities they serve
- The principles and standards similar to those of OFSTED be applied to inspections of police services to improve standards and quality of policing through regular inspection and informed independent advice
- racism awareness training within police
How many more times likely are black to be stopped and searched?
In the year to March 2020, black peoples were 9 1/2 more likely to be stopped and searched then white peoples
Why are the CPS more likely to drop cases from ethnic minorities?
Bowling and Philips
the evidence presented to the CPS by the police is often weaker and based on sterotyping of ethnic minorties as criminals
How does deprivation explain differences in rates of offending?
Lea & Young
racism has led to marginalisation and economic exclusion, ethnic minorites face higher levels of unemployment, poverty and poor housing
Media’s emphasis on consumerism promoted a sense of relative deprivation by setting materialistic goals which many minorities cannot achieve
Response to this is the formation of deviant subcultures, especially young, unemployed black males
This produces high levels of utilitarian crimer such as theft
These groups feel frustratd over lack of opportunities in their lives
Leads to non utilitarian crimes such as violence and rioting
How can it be argued that black criminality is a myth?
Gilroy
The idea of black criminality is a myth created by racist sterotypes of African Carribbeans and Asians
Result of criminal justice system acting on racist sterotypes, ethnic minorites become more criminalised - higher in offical stats
EM crime can be seen as a form of political resistance against racism
How was there a moral panic over black muggers?
Hall et al
- ruling class are usually able to rule subordinate classes through consent but times of crisis makes this difficult
- 1970s high inflation, riisng unekmoument
- opposition to ruling class grows
- 1970s saw emerghence of media driven moral pancis, supposed growth of ‘mugging’ new name for an old crime
- became associated with black youth due to media, politicians and police
- myth of the black mugger served as a scapegoat to distract from true cause of crisis, capitalism
How are rates of crime high in poor areas?
FitzGerald
- examines role of neighbourhood factors in explaining involvement of black youths in street robbery
- rates were highest in very poor areas where deprived young people came into contact with more affluent groups
How are black people more likely to be caught committing crimes?
Sharp & Budd
black offenders were more likely than white offenders to have been arrested
more likely to commit crimes such as robbery where victims can identify them
this raised their ‘visibility’ to authorities
How many hate crimes took place between 2023-2024 according to statista?
98,799
what is a feature of racist victimisation?
Sampson and Philipson
Tends to be ongoing over time, repeated with ‘minor’ instances of abuse and harassment
