Ethology

Question 1

Define critical/flight distance

Answer 1

A dog’s personal space

Question 2

Define appeasement behaviors

Answer 2

Behaviors used to turn off or inhibit perceived threats

Question 3

10 submissive behaviors

Answer 3

Tail down, tail tucked, body lowered, ears back, forehead smooth, licks other dogs mouth, corners of mouth back, grovelling, rolls onto back, looks away

Question 4

Define threats of aggression

Answer 4

Not intended to cause physical harm but to warn the other to stop what they’re doing

Question 5

Define aggression

Answer 5

Result of frustration or inner conflict. Intent to do harm.

Question 6

Define social hierarchy

Answer 6

A flexible social ranking system

Question 7

Define temperament

Answer 7

The combo of genetics and environmental factors that affect the dogs behavior

Question 8

Define instinctive drift

Answer 8

Strong instinctive behavior the animal defaults to regardless of behavior

Question 9

Define predatory behavior

Answer 9

Not truly aggression but an intrestic behavior. Not fit social conflict resolution. Used to catch prey.

Question 10

Define socially facilitated aggression

Answer 10

When one dog shows aggression and another dog joins in

Question 11

The dog looks “guilty,” looks away, slowly blinks, and even exposes his belly. What is he doing?

Answer 11

Sending calming appeasement or negotiation signals

Question 12

A dog has a loose, wiggly body & tail, bows to you, & maybe barks at you. What is the dog trying to tell you?

Answer 12

The dog likely wants to play and interact

Question 13

If a dog’s eyes are wide (whites showing), the dog is tense, lip licking, yawning, & panting (not hot), what is the dog likely feeling? What should you do?

Answer 13

Stressed, anxious, cautious, fear. Remove the dog from the situation.

Question 14

Define canis lupus

Answer 14

Wolves

Question 15

Define canine familiars

Answer 15

Modern dogs

Question 16

Define new niche wolves

Answer 16

“proto-dogs” the start of the domestication of dogs

Question 17

Define domestication

Answer 17

Extensive behavioral& biological changes in a species due to selective breeding

Question 18

Define critical periods

Answer 18

Times during a dog’s life when experience can have a greater influence on development than other times. Between 4-16 weeks.

Question 19

Define alpha roll

Answer 19

A popular training technique that is hard to define. Dog is rolled onto their back by the neck& held as a way to establish dominance or in correction

Question 20

Define food acquisition sequence

Answer 20

Hear/see/smell prey - orient/freeze/stare - creep/stalk prey - grab/hold/shake prey - kill prey - dismember prey - eat prey - guard prey

Question 21

Define testosterone

Answer 21

Male hormone produced by testes

Question 22

Define estrogen & progesterone

Answer 22

Female hormones that peak twice a year making the female go into heat

Question 23

Define neuromuscular programming

Answer 23

“muscle memory” - the development & storage of motor actions

Question 24

Define opposition reflex

Answer 24

A reflex that involves the dogs body trying to maintain equilibrium - i.e. pulling against leash

Question 25

``` Which of the following is a component of ritualized aggression? A. Biting B. Freezing C. Retreating D. Whining ```

Answer 25

A. Biting

Question 26

Define fear aggression

Answer 26

Defensive aggression that occurs when an animal perceives his personal safety is threatened

Question 27

Define resource guarding

Answer 27

Protecting a resource the dog has

Question 28

Define protective aggression

Answer 28

An animal defending their social group

Question 29

Define ethology

Answer 29

Science of understanding animal behavior as the interaction of evolution, genetics, learning, and environment. Based on a foundation of scientific observations.

Question 30

When a dog behind to ignore something that has occurred over and over again, it is called what?

Answer 30

Habituation

Question 31

What are some examples of an intention movement?

Answer 31

A growl before a bite. A sigh before a bark. A play bow before a play pounce.

Question 32

A defensive dog A. Is afraid of something B. Will never bite anyone C. Makes the best pet for children

Answer 32

A. Is afraid of something

Question 33

A dog's temperament is exactly half the results of genetics and half environment. True or false?

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Some people say dog behavior is divider into 3 categories

Answer 34

Reproductive, hazard avoidance, food acquisition

Question 35

What brain structure is 4x bigger in dogs than humans?

Answer 35

Olfactory bulb

Question 36

What is the brain structure used for scent?

Answer 36

Olfactory bulb

Question 37

Define intention movement

Answer 37

Physical indications an organism is about to move or perform an action

Question 38

If a dog has its rear in the air, elbows down in the ground, with tail wagging, it most likely wants to

Answer 38

Interact

Question 39

``` A potential developmental function of puppy play is to A. Provide aerobic exercise B. Establish bonding C. Encourage long bone growth D. Practice motor and social skills ```

Answer 39

D. Practice motor and social skills

Question 40

``` Stimuli that elicit aggressive behavior are: A. External only B. Internal only C. Both internal & external D. Dependent on breed & predisposition ```

Answer 40

C. Both internal & external

Question 41

What do dogs have 220 million of?

Answer 41

Scent receptors

Question 42

Define cerebral cortex

Answer 42

Involved with cognitive functions such as learning & problem solving

Question 43

Define limbic system

Answer 43

A network of cells in the brain that integrates instinct 6 learning - it is involved with emotions such as fear

Question 44

``` Which sex will mark territory? A. Castrated male B. Females C. Intact male D. Any of the above ```

Answer 44

D. Any of the above

Question 45

Define avoidance behaviors

Answer 45

Behaviors that are leaving or fleeing, avoiding a threatening situation

Question 46

Define territorial aggression

Answer 46

When a dog is defending their home area or social group

Question 47

Define pain related aggression

Answer 47

Defensive aggression due to physical pain or discomfort

Question 48

Define redirected aggression

Answer 48

When a dog is prevented from attacking the intended target and instead attacks the next closest dog/human/whatever

Question 49

The limbic system is involved with emotions such as fear. True or false?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

``` Early experience is vital because it A. Affects the brains early development B. Is the first learning experience C. Affects the number of brain cells D. Affects growth plates ```

Answer 50

A. Affects the brains early development

Question 51

Assigning human traits and motivations to animals is

Answer 51

Anthropomorphism

Question 52

``` Which of the following can be observed rather than inferred? A. Anxiety B. Depression C. Whining D. Nervousness ```

Answer 52

C. Whining

Question 53

``` Which of the following best describes food, water, rest, & sex? A. Positive reinforcers B. Negative reinforcers C. Primary reinforcers D. Secondary reinforcers ```

Answer 53

C. Primary reinforcers

Question 54

Define scent receptors

Answer 54

The receptors responsible for the detection of odorants. Dogs have over 220 million of them.