Ethyl Wood Topic Two: Sovereignty, Authority, and Power

Question 1

Powerful Individuals In Today’s World

Answer 1

Power is territorially organized into states or countries that control what happens within their borders

Question 2

States

Answer 2

“The organization that maintains a monopoly of violence over a territory” = controls who can and cannot use weapons and force (sets rules to how violence is conducted)

Question 3

What do States sponsor?

Answer 3

Armies, navies, and/or air forces that legitimately use power and sometimes violence. Individual citizens are very restricted

Question 4

Institutions

Answer 4

Stable, long lasting organizations that help turn political ideas into policy. (Ex: bureaucracies, legislatures, judicial systems, and political parties)

Question 5

Sovereignty

Answer 5

The ability to carry out actions or policies within their borders independently from interference either from the inside or the outside

Question 6

Corruption

Answer 6

States that lack autonomy; not independent; exploited by leaders and/or organizations that see states as a resource to use their own ends. (Prevalent in LDC’s and NIC’s)

Question 7

General Welfare

Answer 7

Health, Transportation, and Effective Communication Systems

Question 8

What is a state that is unable to exercise sovereignty lacking?

Answer 8

Autonomy, because it is lacking independence it may be exploited, this results in high level corruption.

Question 9

Nation

Answer 9

A group of people that are bound by a common political identity

Question 10

Nationalism

Answer 10

Sense of belonging and identity between nations

Question 11

Patriotism

Answer 11

The resulting pride and loyalty that individuals feel toward their nations

Question 12

Binational/Multinational State

Answer 12

One that contains more than one nation

Question 13

Stateless nations

Answer 13

People without a state

Question 14

Core Areas

Answer 14

Expanding along their frontiers. The growth generally stops when they bump up against other nation-states, causing them to define boundaries.

Question 15

States periphery

Answer 15

Outlying areas (towns get smaller/factories fewer)

Question 16

Multicore states

Answer 16

States with more than one core area

Question 17

Regime

Answer 17

Rules that a state sets and follows in exerting its power

Question 18

Democracies

Answer 18

Based on the authority and will of the people

Question 19

Indirect Democracies

Answer 19

The people elect representatives

Question 20

Direct Democracies

Answer 20

Individuals have immediate say over many decisions the government makes

Question 21

How many branches do democratic governments usually have?

Answer 21

Three major branches: executives, legislatures, and judicial courts.

Question 22

Parliamentary Systems

Answer 22

A system where citizens vote for legislative representatives, who in turn select leaders of the executive branch

Question 23

Presidential Systems

Answer 23

A system where citizens vote for legislative representatives and executive branch leaders

Question 24

Parliamentary Sovereign

Answer 24

A principle closely related to a parliamentary system (democracy) that governs the decision making process.

Question 25

(Theoretically) What does the legislature do?

Answer 25

(1) Makes the laws (2) Controls finances (3) appoints and dismisses the prime minister and the cabinet (4) Debates public issues

Question 26

(Realistically) What does the legislature do?

Answer 26

Strong party discipline within the legislature develops over time -- the cabinet initiates legislation and makes policy; no separation of power exists because the power-holders are all leaders of the legislative branch.

Question 27

Head of Government

Answer 27

Someone who controls power and direct a nation/states decision making policies (ex: Prime Minister of England)

Question 28

Head of State

Answer 28

Someone who represents power (ex: the Queen of England)

Question 29

In a Presidential system, the President hold what positions?

Answer 29

Chief Executive, Head of State, and Head of Governmeny

Question 30

Checks and Balances

Answer 30

Between the legislative, executive (and sometimes) judicial branch -- all three branches CHECKS and BALANCES each other

Question 31

Separation of Powers

Answer 31

Branches ensures that power is shared and that one branch does not come to dominate the others

Question 32

Semi-Presidential System

Answer 32

A system where a Prime Minister coexists with a President who is directly elected by the people and who holds a significant degree of power.

Question 33

(Authoritarian Regimes) Communism

Answer 33

A theory developed in which the communist party controls everything from the government to the economy to the social life.

Question 34

Corporatism

Answer 34

An arrangement in which government officials interact with people/groups outside the government before they set policy -- generally business or labor related leaders

Question 35

Common Characteristics of an Authoritarian Regime

Answer 35

(1) Small group of elites exercising power over the state (2) Citizens with little or no input into selection of leaders and government decisions (3) No constitutional responsibility of leaders to the public (4) Restriction of civil rights and civil liberties

Question 36

Authoritarian Regimes are still ________!!!!!!!

Answer 36

LEGITIMATE

Question 37

Totalitarianism

Answer 37

These regimes usually have very strong ideological goals that many authoritarian systems lack

Question 38

Military Rule

Answer 38

One form of nondemocratic rule. | Prevalent in Latin America, Africa, and parts of Asia

Question 39

Coup d'etat

Answer 39

A forced takeover of the government

Question 40

Modern Corporatism is a method in which business labor, and/or other interest groups bargain what?

Answer 40

They bargain with the state over economic policy.

Question 41

Co-optation

Answer 41

The means a regime uses to get support from citizens

Question 42

Patron-clientelism

Answer 42

System in which the state provides specific benefits of favors to a single person or small group in return for public support

Question 43

Pluralism

Answer 43

A situation in which power is split among many groups that compete for the chance to influence the government's decision-making.

Question 44

How is Democratic Pluralism different from pluralism?

Answer 44

(1) the formation of interest groups is spontaneous | (2) the dialogue between interest groups and the state is voluntary and the groups remain autonomous

Question 45

Legitimacy

Answer 45

The right to rule as determined by their citizens.

Question 46

(1) Traditional Legitimacy

Answer 46

The belief that traditional should determine who rules and how; revolves around myths and legends

Question 47

(2) Charismatic Legitimacy

Answer 47

Based on the dynamic personality of an individual leader or a small group and has indefinable set of qualities that make people want to follow a leader

Question 48

(3) Rational-legal Legitimacy

Answer 48

Based on neither Traditional or Charismatic , but rather on a system of well-established laws and procedures

Question 49

Common Law

Answer 49

Based on tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set by the courts through past rulings

Question 50

Code Law

Answer 50

Based on a comprehensive system of written rules (codes) divided into commercial, civil, and criminal codes.

Question 51

In a Democracy, what is the legitimacy of leaders is based on?

Answer 51

Fair, competitive elections, and open political participation by citizens.

Question 52

(Factors that encourage legitimacy) | 1. Economic well-being

Answer 52

Citizens tend of credit their government with economic prosperity, and blame government for economic hardships

Question 53

(Factors that encourage legitimacy) | 2. Historical tradition/longevity

Answer 53

If a government has been in place for a long time, citizens and other countries are more likely to view it as legitimate

Question 54

(Factors that encourage legitimacy) | 3. Charismatic Leadership

Answer 54

Charisma is a powerful factor in establishing legitimacy, whether the country is democratic or totalitarian

Question 55

(Factors that encourage legitimacy) | 4. Nationalism/Shared political culture

Answer 55

If citizens identify strongly with their nation, not just the state, they are usually more accepting of the legitimacy of its gov't

Question 56

(Factors that encourage legitimacy) | 5. Satisfaction with the governments performance /responsiveness

Answer 56

Chances are that the gov't is a legitimate one if citizens receive benefits from the government such as protection from violence in crime, or winning a war.

Question 57

Political Culture

Answer 57

The collection of political beliefs, values, practices, and institutions that the government is based on.

Question 58

Social Capital

Answer 58

The amount of reciprocity and trust that exists among citizens, and between citizens and the state.

Question 59

(1) Consensual Political Culture

Answer 59

Although citizens may disagree on political processes and policies, they tend to agree on how decisions are made, what issues should be addressed, and how problems should be solved; accepts both legitimacy of the regime and solutions to major problems

Question 60

(2) Conflictual Political Culture

Answer 60

Sharply divided citizens often on both the legitimacy of the regime and the solutions to major problems

Question 61

Political ideologies

Answer 61

Sets of political values held by individuals regarding the basic goals of government and politics

Question 62

Liberalism

Answer 62

Places emphasis on individual political and economic freedom

Question 63

Communism

Answer 63

Places emphasis on equality over freedom.

Question 64

Socialism

Answer 64

Places emphasis on the value of equality with communism but influenced by the liberal value of freedom

Question 65

Facism

Answer 65

Rejects the value of equality and accepts the idea that people and groups exist in degrees of inferiority and superiority