Etiology and Pathogenesis Part 1

Question 1

Within hours after birth, oral cavity is colonized by

Answer 1

low numbers of mainly facultative and aerobic bacteria

Question 2

Second day after birth, what bacteria can be detected in mouth?

Answer 2

Anaerobic

Question 3

To persist in the oral cavity, microbes need to

Answer 3

adhere to either soft or hard tissues to avoid removal forces such as washing out by salivary and crevicular flow, swallowing and frictional removal

Question 4

What do bacteria bind to?

Answer 4

The acquired enamel pellicle (layer of proteins and glycoproteins that are primarily derived from saliva)

Question 5

Deeper periodontal pockets lead to the
development of low-oxygen microhabitats which
favor colonization by

Answer 5

anaerobic bacteria

Question 6

What are the phases of dental biofilm formation?

Answer 6

1. The formation of the pellicle on the tooth surface,
2. The initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria,
3. Colonization/biofilm maturation

Question 7

Primary colonizers provide__________ for adhesion by other oral bacteria

Answer 7

new binding sites

Question 8

The primary colonizing bacteria adhere to the tooth surface and provide new
receptors for attachment by other bacteria as part of a process known as

Answer 8

coadhesion

Question 9

Together with the growth of adherent microorganisms, coadhesion leads
to

Answer 9

the development of microcolonies and eventually to a mature biofilm.

Question 10

The transition from early supragingival dental biofilm to more mature biofilm
developing beneath the gingival margin involves a shift in the

Answer 10

microbial population from primarily G+ to G-

Question 11

Dental biofilms are defined clinically as a

Answer 11

structured, resilient, yellow-grayish substance
that adheres tenaciously to the intraoral hard surfaces, including removable and fixed
restorations.

Question 12

Tough ECM makes it impossible to remove dental biofilms by

Answer 12

rinsing or with sprays, so need mechanical removal

Question 13

What bacteria predominate at the tooth surface?

Answer 13

Gram + cocci and short rods

Question 14

What bacteria predominate on the outer surface of the mature biofilm mass?

Answer 14

Gram - rods, filaments and spirochetes

Question 15

The apical border of the biofilm mass is separated from the junctional epithelium by
a layer of

Answer 15

host leukoctes

Question 16

The composition of the subgingival biofilm depends on the depth

Answer 16

of a periodontal pocket

Question 17

As the mineral content of dental biofilms increases, the biofilm
mass becomes

Answer 17

calcified to form calculus

Question 18

Where is calculus most frequently found?

Answer 18

Lingual of mand anteriors and buccal of max first molars

Question 19

What is materia alba

Answer 19

Soft accumulations of bacteria, food matter and tissue cells that lack organized structure of biofilms. Can be displaced by water spray

Question 20

Early biofilm formation on teeth follows a typical
topographic pattern. with initial growth along the

Answer 20

gingival margin and from the interdental spaces

Question 21

Within a dental arch, genrally, early biofilm formation occurs faster in what areas?

Answer 21

Lower jaw, molar areas, buccal surfaces especially in upper haw and in interdental areas

Question 22

Several studies clearly indicate that early in vivo biofilm formation is more rapid on
tooth surfaces facing

Answer 22

inflamed gingival margins

Question 23

What does the red complex consist of?

Answer 23

T. forsythia, P. gingivalis and T. denticola

Question 24

What is A. action. a associated with?

Answer 24

Aggressive periodontitis (although it is in the green complex)

Question 25

In periodontal health, the subgingival microbiota is dominated by

Answer 25

Gram positive, aerobes or facultative anaerobes.

Question 26

Calculus consists of

Answer 26

mineralized bacterial plaque that forms on the surfaces of natural teeth and dental prostheses.

Question 27

The organic component of calculus consists of a mixture of

Answer 27

protein–polysaccharide complexes, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, and various types of microorganisms

Question 28

Four modes of calculus attachment have been described:

Answer 28

1. Attachment by means of an organic pellicle on cementum or enamel 2. Mechanical locking into surface irregularities, such as caries lesions or resorption lacunae 3. Close adaptation of the undersurface of calculus to depressions or gently sloping mounds of the unaltered cementum surface 4. Penetration of bacterial calculus into cementum

Question 29

Saliva is the primary source of mineralization for

Answer 29

supragingival calculus

Question 30

The decline from maximal calculus accumulation, which is referred to as the reversal phenomenon, may be explained by the

Answer 30

vulnerability of bulky calculus to mechanical wear from food and from the cheeks, lips, and tongue movement.

Question 31

Subgingival calculus is likely to be

Answer 31

the product rather than the cause of periodontal pockets.