Etitology of Periodontal Diseases

Question 1

what is the primary etiology of periodontal disease?

Answer 1

periodontal pathogens in a susceptible host

Question 2

most periodontal pathogens are what?

Answer 2

obligate anaerobes

Question 3

Aa is what type of pathogen?

Answer 3

facultative anaerobe

Question 4

many perio pathogens are what?

Answer 4

gram-negative rods and cocci

Question 5

which pathogen produces collagenase?

Answer 5

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)

Question 6

which pathogen produces leukotoxins?

Answer 6

Aa

Question 7

pathogens that produce leukotoxins are capable of what?

Answer 7

destroying WBCs

Question 8

biofilm protects pathogens from what?

Answer 8

host immunity and antibiotics

Question 9

“orange complex” bacteria

Answer 9

1. Fusobacteria
2. Prevotella
3. Campylobacter

Question 10

“red complex” bacteria

Answer 10

1. Porphyromonas gingivalis
2. Tannerella forsythia
3. Treponema denticola

Question 11

which complex does Aa belong to?

Answer 11

green complex

Question 12

bacteria associated with gingivitis?

Answer 12

Actinomyces species

Question 13

bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis pathogens

Answer 13

1. Aggregatibacter (Aa)
2. Porphyromonas (Pg)
3. Tanerella (Tf)
4. Prevotella (Pi)
5. Campylobacter (Cr)
6. Eikenella (Ec)
7. Spirochaetes

Question 14

bacteria associated with localized aggressive periodontitis?

Answer 14

Aggregatibacter (Aa) - best example of pure infection

Question 15

bacteria associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis

Answer 15

similar microorganisms to chronic periodontitis

Question 16

what are the most pathogenic periodontal pathogens?

Answer 16

“red complex” pathogens

Question 17

local factors that contribute to plaque retention

Answer 17

1. calculus
2. defective restorations (overhangs, defective crown margins)
3. caries
4. open contacts/diastemas
5. gingival contours
6. tooth malposition
7. pockets
8. furcations
9. close root approximation
10. tooth anatomic abnormalities

Question 18

peridontal occlusal trauma

Answer 18

injury to the periodontium (apical to crest) from occlusal forces may injure bone, cementum and PDL

Question 19

radiographic signs of occlusal trauma

Answer 19

1. widened PDL
2. angular bone loss
3. changes in trabecular bone

Question 20

clinical signs of occlusal trauma

Answer 20

1. progressive mobility
2. fremitus
3. vertical root fracture

Question 21

systemic factors of perio disease

Answer 21

1. diabetes
2. medically compromised patients
3. pregnancy
4. stress

Question 22

what is accumulated in diabetic patients?

Answer 22

Advanced Glycation End-products (A.G.E.)

Question 23

what is the most proven risk factor for perio disease?

Answer 23

smoking

Question 24

T/F: smokers have a greater amount of bone loss than non-smokers, greater incidence of NUG/NUP and show more breakdown following periodontal therapy

Answer 24

true

Question 25

known risk factors that will increase odds-ratio of perio disease with attachment loss are?

Answer 25

1. smoking | 2. diabetes

Question 26

risk indicators (not conclusively proven) of perio disease include what?

Answer 26

1. stress 2. genetic predisposition for excessive production of interleukin-1 3. systemic disease and conditions that suppress the immune system 4. nutrition 5. age 6. osteoporosis 7. obesity

Question 27

predisposing factors of gingival recession

Answer 27

1. root prominence 2. thin periodontal tissue biotype 3. hx of ortho 4. restoration with a subgingival margin in a thin periodontal biotype

Question 28

etiology of recession in predisposed areas may be from what?

Answer 28

1. over-aggressive or faulty tooth brushing | 2. lack of oral hygiene leading to inflammation in thin gingival tissues

Question 29

T/F: once gingival recession has occurred, it is likely to continue unless treated by gingival grafts

Answer 29

true