eucharist

Question 1

transubstantiation

Answer 1

Roman Catholic view, term used since 11th century - the eucharist after consecration contains the real presence of Jesus. Confirmed by Council of Trent (1551) and reaffirmed by second Vatican council (1965). Jesus said ‘this IS my body’ (Luke 22).

Question 2

transignification

Answer 2

20th century RC theologian Edward Schillebeeckx - Christ is sacramentally, but not physically present in the consecrated bread and wine. Local and personal presence, signifier and signified
condemned by Pope Paul VI in the encyclical Mysterium Fidei (1965)

Question 3

transfinalisation

Answer 3

20th cent. RC German Jesuit theologian Karl Rahner - when consecrated, the purpose and finality of the bread and wine are changed, but not their substance. They serve a new function - to stir up faith in the mystery of Christ’s redemptive love
condemned by Pope Paul VI in the encyclical Mysterium Fidei (1965)

Question 4

Pope Paul VI on transignification and transfinalisation

Answer 4

condemned in the encyclical Mysterium Fidei (1965) as denying transubstantiation.
‘the spread of these and similar beliefs does great harm to belief in and the devotion to the Eucharist’

Question 5

local presence vs personal presence

Answer 5

local - physical location. if your thoughts are far away, you may not be personally present. Jesus is personally, but not locally present in the eucharist.

Question 6

signifier (transignification)

Answer 6

the substance of the bread and the wine

Question 7

signified (transignification)

Answer 7

the substance of Jesus’ body and blood

Question 8

consubstantiation

Answer 8

‘con-‘ = ‘with.’ the body and the blood of Jesus coexist with the substance of the bread and the wine. used to describe view presented by Protestant Reformers in 16th century to challenge RC view of transubstantiation. However, the term Luther used was ‘sacramental union’ and consubstantiation is rejected as unbiblical by most Lutheran churches today.

Question 9

memorialism

Answer 9

Zwingli (16th cent.) denied the real presence of Christ in the sacrament and taught that the bread and wine are SYMBOLIC representations of his body and blood. Eucharist as a commemorative ceremony to remember his sacrifice.
“Do this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22)

Question 10

virtualism

Answer 10

Calvin (16th cent) who taught the doctrine of predestination.
Christ’s body cannot be present in eucharist as it has ascended to heaven (Acts 1).
Christ’s unique power (Latin virtus) is present, but received only by the elect. AKA receptionism