Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the two main types of cells
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What’s the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes have no nucleus
Eukaryotes have a nucleus
Give examples of prokaryotic cells
Bacteria and Archaebacteria
Give examples of eukaryotic cells
Protista, plants, animals, and fungi
What features are always present in a prokaryotic cell
.Cell wall .Cell surface membrane .Cytoplasm .Circular DNA .Ribosome
What are the 5 main properties of a virus
Do not have a cell structure Not considered living No partially permeable membrane A self-replicating molecule of DNA/RNA (genetic code) A protective coat of protein molecule
What are the main features of the structure of a virus
.DNA envelope .capsome .capsid .nucleic acid .receptor
What is the function/structure of the nucleus
.Largest organelle in the animal cell
.Controls the activities of the cell
.Made up of a nucleolus (darkest most dense spot)
.Nuclear pores allow mRNA and Ribosome to pass through
.Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope) = double membrane (controls exchange)
What is the function/structure of the cytoplasm
.Jelly like material inside the cell
.Most organelles float within
.Helps dissolve solutes and moves material around
What is the function/structure of the plasma membrane
.Made of a phospholipid bilayer
.Inbetween the lipids there are protein channels
.Allows material to enter and exit
.Small molecules such as oxygen and water can pass through the lipid bilayer but larger molecules such as glucose have to pass through the protein channels
.Semi-permeable
What are the function/structure of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
.RER receives ribosome from the nucleus
.Job of RER is to carry ribosome received from the nucleus fro one part of the cell to another as the ribosome is making the protein
.SER is not covered in ribosomes
.SER makes fats and helps break down toxins
What is the function/structure of the ribosome
.Created by the nucleolus
.transported by the rough ER
.Job is to make proteins
What is the function/structure of the Golgi apparatus
.Receives proteins that ribosomes make and then modifies, sorts and packages proteins
.Puts proteins into a vesicle
Explain the process of protein synthesis
1) Nucleolus makes ribosomes
2) Ribosome travels through the Rough ER making proteins
3) Vesicles collect proteins and take them to the Golgi apparatus
4) Golgi sorts and packages the protein
5) Some proteins in the Golgi apparatus are lysosomes
6) If the lysosome kills or breakdown the enzyme it’s known as apoptosis
6) Vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release the proteins from the cell (exocytosis)
What is the function/structure of the mitochondria
.Creates ATP in a process known as cellular respiration
.Can survive on its own as it has its own DNA and ribosome (endosymbiotic theory)
.Contain folded inner membrane = cristae
.Stalked particles and matrix are also within the organelle
What is the function/structure of the lysosomes
.Contain digestive enzymes. .Breaks down food .Kills pathogens .Autolysis- destroys old cells .
What is the function/structure of the chloroplast
.Performs photosynthesis .Own DNA and ribosomes .Makes proteins .Replicate .Each individual thylakoid put together makes a granum .Contains a stroma .has an outer and inner membrane
What is the function/structure of the vacuole
.Store food, water, waste, colour pigments
.Large cell in plants
.more smaller and scattered around cytoplasm in animal cells
.Vacuole is filled with cell sap
.Surounded by a specialised membrane called a tonoplast
What is the function/structure of the Plasmodium
.Intracellular exchanges take place here (communication)
.Specialised cytoplasmic bridge between cells
.Produced as the cells divide
What is the symplast
The interconnected cytoplasm of the cells
What is the fluid mosaic model
The current model of the structure of the cell membrane including floating proteins forming pores, channels, and carrier systems in a lipid bilayer
What’s the size of a ribosome in a:
1) Prokaryote
2) Eukaryote
A)70S
B)80S
How does the organisation of cells in the human body work
1) Start with cells
2) cells make up tissues
3) Tissues working together make up organs
4) Many organs make an organ system
What are epithelial tissues
Tissues that form the lining of surfaces inside and outside the body
