Eukaryotic cell components (ex1)

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Membrane:
Double envelope aka nuclear pores

Components:
Chromosomes, nucleolus, nuclear lamina

Function:

• Information storage and transmission
• Ribosome subunit assembly
• structural support

Question 2

Ribosomes

Answer 2

Membrane:
None

Components:
RNA and proteins

Function:
Protein synthesis

Question 3

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Membrane:
single
Has receptors for entry of selected proteins

components:
branching Sacs
ribosomes

function:
protein synthesis and processing

Question 4

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

Membrane:

• single
• enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids

components:
sacs
enzymes for synthesizing or breaking down lipids

function:
lipid synthesis and processing

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Membrane:
single
receptors for products of rough ER

components:
stack of flattened cisternae

function 
protein, lipid, carbohydrate processing

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

Membrane:
single
proton pumps

components: acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolysis reactions)
function: digestion and recycling

Question 7

Vacuoles

Answer 7

Membrane:
single
transporters for molecules

components:
Varies- pigments, oils, carbohydrates, water or toxins

function:
Varies- coloration, storage of oil‘s, carbohydrates, water, or toxins

Question 8

Peroxisomes

Answer 8

Membrane:
single
transporters for macromolecules

components: Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions catalase processes peroxide
function: oxidation of fatty acid‘s ethanol or other compounds

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Membrane:
double
inner layer has enzymes for ATP production

components:
enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP

function:
ATP production

Question 10

Chloroplasts

Answer 10

Membrane:
double; plus membrane-bound sacs in interior

components:
pigments, enzymes that use light energy to make sugars

function:
production of sugars the photosynthesis

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Membrane:
none

components:
actin filaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

function:
structural support
movement of materials; in some species, movement of whole cell

Question 12

Plasma membrane

Answer 12

Membrane:
single;
transport and receptor proteins

components:
phospholipid by layer with transport and receptor proteins

function:
selective permeability maintains intracellular environment

Question 13

Cell wall

Answer 13

Membrane:
none

components: carbohydrate fibers running through carbohydrate or protein matrix

function:
protection, structural support

Question 14

Nuclear envelope

Answer 14

Complex double membrane

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Where RNA molecules are found in ribosomes are manufactured in the large and small ribosomal subunits are assembled

Question 16

Lumen

Answer 16

Interior of the rough ER

Question 17

Cis

Answer 17

Surface closest to the nucleus

Question 18

Trans

Answer 18

Surface is orientated towards the plasma membrane

Question 19

Glyoxysomes

Answer 19

Specialized Peroxisomes in the leaves of plants they are packed with enzymes that oxidize fats to form a compound that can be used to store energy for the cell

Question 20

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 20

The solution closed within the inner membrane

Question 21

Thylakoids

Answer 21

Membrane-bound flattened saclike structures that are independent of the innermembrane

Question 22

Stroma

Answer 22

Region outside of the thylakoids contains enzymes that use this chemical energy to produce sugars