Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

eukaryotes have diverse cell ______

Answer 1

envelopes
some looking like scales

Question 2

eukaryotes have complex _____ lipids

Answer 2

membrane lipids
- sphingolipids
- phospholipids
- sterols

fine control of thermo tolerance
*but never found anywhere too hot

Question 3

describe eukaryotic cytoskeleton

Answer 3

• actin
• microtubules
• intermediate filaments

used for structure and support

Question 4

do eukaryotes have plasmids ?

Answer 4

generally no

Question 5

in eukaryotic transcription & translational is it coupled or uncoupled

Answer 5

• uncoupled

Question 6

eukaryotes have a complex membrane _____ system

Answer 6

membrane trafficking system
- endo and exocytosis move stuff in and out of cell not diffusion

Question 7

endosymbiotic organelles contain ______ and describe them

Answer 7

contain genetic info
*bacteria like

• plastids(chloroplasts)
  = dif # of membranes
  = nucleomorphs contain the genetic info
  (nucleus like)
• mitochondria

Question 8

describe archezoa hypothesis and was it true

Answer 8

mitochondria late theory / branched off before eukaryotes developed the mitochondria
*not true

Question 9

what 3 major discoveries challenged the archezoa hypothesis

Answer 9

1. discovery of other mitochondria like organelles
2. archezoans retained gene sequences from mitochondria organelles / must have been there at some point
3. archezoa were not closely related to one another

Question 10

how to tell which organelles are closely related to eachother

Answer 10

with endosymbiotic organelles compare genomes

when don’t have own dna much harder

Question 11

give evidence for endosymbiosis early theory

Answer 11

• mitochondria provides ATP to build complexity of membrane bound organelles
• mitochondria (or their genes) are found ancestrally in all euk

Question 12

give evidence for endosymbiosis late theory

Answer 12

• there are proteins associated with membrane bound organelles found in asgardarchaea
• asgardarchaea carry out eukaryote like functions without needing endosymbiosis (maintain a cytoskeleton)

Question 13

arrangement of euk cilia and flagella

Answer 13

9+2
- have microtubules
cilia = short hairlike
flagella = long whiplike

Question 14

unikont / bikont hypothesis

Answer 14

separate euk based on having:
unikont - one flagellum
bikont - two flagella