Eukaryotic cell structure & function 2.1.4 / 2.1.5

Question 1

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 1

-Surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains pores.
-Contains chromatin (genetic material)
-Also has a nucleolus

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Contains the genetic material of the cell, chromatin
Nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes

Question 3

State the function of chromatin

Answer 3

It is the genetic material of the nucleus. When cells divide, chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

Question 4

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

A stack of membrane-bound flattened sacs.
Vesicles are found at either side

Question 5

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 5

Proteins are modified and packaged into vesicles.

Question 6

What are proteins used for after being modified and packaged in Golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

• Cell storage
• Out of cell use
• Plasma membrane

Question 7

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Surrounded by two membranes, the inner is folded into cristae.

Question 8

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 8

Site of ATP energy production, also self replicating to meet energy needs.

Question 9

What is the structure of chloroplasts?

Answer 9

• Double membrane
• Thylakoids (sacs containing chlorophyll)
• Grana (stacks of sacs)
• Stroma (fluid filled matrix)

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Photosynthesis takes place here, also makes carbohydrates in stroma.

Question 11

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 11

Made up of RNA, some remain in cytoplasm, some attach to RER.

Question 12

What is the structure of ribosomes?

Answer 12

RER ribosomes synthesise proteins for out of cell use.
Others synthesise proteins for within the cell.

Question 13

What is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 13

Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

Question 14

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

Contain hydrolyctic enzymes to break down pathogens or old organelles

Question 15

What is the structure of the RER?

Answer 15

Transport system which is coated with ribosomes

Question 16

What is the function of the RER?

Answer 16

Transport substances from one area of the cell to another, through cisternae channels.

Question 17

What is the structure of the SER?

Answer 17

System that is not coated with ribosomes

Question 18

What is the function of the SER?

Answer 18

Contains enzymes that catalyze reactions needed for metabolic activity and synthesis.
- Also absorption, synthesis and transport of lipids from gut

Question 19

What is the structure of a vacuole?

Answer 19

Surrounded by a membrane, contains fluid.

Question 20

What is the function of a vacuole?

Answer 20

Filled with water and solutes, to maintain cell stability.

Question 21

What is the structure of the cilia, cilium, and undulipodia?

Answer 21

Protusions from the cell, surrounded by the cell surface membrane.
Each contain microtubules and centrioles.

Question 22

What is the function of cilia, cilium, and undulipodia?

Answer 22

• Cilia beat and band mucus through the airway
• Cilium detect signals from an environment
• Undulipodia are present in the spermatozoon - enabling movement.

Question 23

What is the structure of centrioles?

Answer 23

Hollow fibres made of microtubules

Question 24

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 24

Acts as the cells skeletal system.

Question 25

What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 25

Made of microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and cytoskeleton motor proteins.
To allow cell stability

Question 26

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 26

Provide shape and support, form spindles that allow chromosomes to move.

Question 27

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

Answer 27

Anchor the nucleus within the cytoplasm and allow connections between cells.

Question 28

What is the function of microfilaments?

Answer 28

Give support and mechanical support within the cytoplasm

Question 29

What is the function of motor proteins?

Answer 29

Drag organelles from one place to another in the cell.