eukaryotic cells and organelles

Question 1

organelles in a EU vs PK

Answer 1

organelles in EU are membrane bound where in prokaryotes they are not bound by a membrane

Question 2

where is dna found in a EU

Answer 2

the dna in a EU is enclosed in a nucleus

Question 3

where is dna found in prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 4

dna is tightly wrapped around what protein in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

histsone

Question 5

dna and histones form what?

Answer 5

chromatin

Question 6

dna shape in eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

dna in EU is a linear molecule

Question 7

what type of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 7

80s

Question 8

what is the cell wall made of in plant cells

Answer 8

beta glucose to form cellulose

Question 9

describe the dna in prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

the dna is arranged in circular chromosomes with no free ends

Question 10

what are plasmids

Answer 10

they are small loops of dna that are responsible for antibiotic resistance

Question 11

what type of ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 11

70 s

Question 12

what is the cell wall made of in prokaryotes

Answer 12

muerin

Question 13

what’s a slime capsule

Answer 13

to protect the PK from phagocytosis or to hydrate the cell

Question 14

what’s pili

Answer 14

can attach to surfaces and transfer genetic material yo other PK

Question 15

how do viruses reproduce

Answer 15

the can only reproduce in a host cell by using the host cell enzymes to reproduce

Question 16

what does the attachment protein in a virus do

Answer 16

attach to host cell

Question 17

what is the capsid in a virus

Answer 17

protein structure around the virus protecting the genetic material

Question 18

do viruses contain dna or rna

Answer 18

both

Question 19

what’s the nucleuses’ role with protein synthe sis

Answer 19

contains the instructions for encoding the amino acid sequence for that protein are contained within a gene . genes are apart of chromosomes found in the nucleus

Question 20

what is transcription

Answer 20

the genetic information encoded by that gene is converted to mrNA which leaves the cell via nuclear pore

Question 21

what is translation

Answer 21

now the ribosome read the information contained in the mrna and synthesis that protein molecule

Question 22

what happens to proteins that are secreted from cells

Answer 22

are translated on a ribosome attached to the RER and then to the golgi APP before leaving the cell

Question 23

nucleoplasm

Answer 23

contains molecules such as nucleotides and enzymes for dna and rna synthesis

Question 24

nuclear envelope

Answer 24

double membrane that surrounds nucleus and consists of two phospholipid bilayers

Question 25

nuclear pore

Answer 25

to allow molecules to enter and leave cells

Question 26

where is the RER

Answer 26

continuous to the nucleus

Question 27

what is chromatin

Answer 27

dna and histones

Question 28

nucleolus

Answer 28

makes ribosomal rna

Question 29

protein destinations

Answer 29

cytoplasm organelles cell membrane or secreted from cells

Question 30

what is cisternae on a RER

Answer 30

sheets of membrane that form flattened sacs called cisternae

Question 31

function of cisternae on RER

Answer 31

contains enzymes

Question 32

what happens to proteins in the RER

Answer 32

are where translation takes place for proteins which are secreted from the cell

Question 33

what happens to proteins in golgi apparatus

Answer 33

packaged into vesickles and transported where thye need to be

Question 34

what does the SER do

Answer 34

is to make and store both lipids and carbohydrates

Question 35

what do lysosomes do

Answer 35

create digestive enzymes

Question 36

why has lysosomes got an acidic interior

Answer 36

optimum ph for enzymes

Question 37

what is the lysosomes role in phagocytosis

Answer 37

lysosomes fuse with the pahgosme and release hydrolytic enzymes which can destroy the pathogen

Question 38

how do lysosomes get read of dead or no longer functional proteins or cells

Answer 38

exocytosis

Question 39

what is the function of mitochondria

Answer 39

carries out aerobic respiration to produce atp

Question 40

what is the inner membrane space of a mitochondria called

Answer 40

matrix

Question 41

how does the cristae help the mitochondria's function

Answer 41

increase surface area for enzymes needed to carry out aerobic respiration

Question 42

what is the chloroplasts function

Answer 42

photosynthesis

Question 43

where is chlorophyll found

Answer 43

in the thylakoids

Question 44

thylakoids are stacked to form what

Answer 44

granum

Question 45

the granum are connected by what

Answer 45

lamellae

Question 46

what is the stroma

Answer 46

where the light independent reactions take place

Question 47

what happens if the hydrostatic pressure in a plant cell is high

Answer 47

it pushes outwards

Question 48

cell wall function in plants

Answer 48

to keep the cell from bursting and maintaining hydrostatic pressure when water potential outside the cell is greater then inside

Question 49

over view: what is the function of the RER

Answer 49

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosome

Question 50

over view: gologi

Answer 50

is processes and packages lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

Question 51

golgi vesicle over view

Answer 51

is stores and transports lipids or proteins made by the golgi apparatus out of the cell