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General Biology 1 > Eukaryotic Cells and Plant Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells and Plant Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Three main parts of eukaryotic cells

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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2
Q

A selectively permeable membrane that regulates the entrance and exit of substances to the cell.

A

Cell Membrane

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3
Q

It provides shapes and flexibility to the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

It is known as the fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a mosaic of proteins that are embedded or attached to a fluid bilayer of lipid

A

Singer-Nicolson

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5
Q

Serves as a solvent for integral membrane proteins that run across the lipid bilayer.

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

It is the ground substance. The biggest part of the cell where organelles and cellular inclusions are found.

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Cytoplasm contains semi-fluid translucent substances known as

A

Cytosol

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8
Q

It is a network of intercommunicating channels in the cytoplasm.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is made up of flattened sacs called

A

Cisternae

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10
Q

The two types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Rough ER
Soomth ER

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11
Q

It has the presence of ribosomes

A

Rough ER

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12
Q

It has a more tubular and non-granular structure due to the absence of ribosomes.

A

Smooth ER

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13
Q

It synthesizes the lipids.

A

Smooth ER

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14
Q

Its role is the production of protein, as well as in its folding, quality control, and dispatch.

A

Rough ER

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15
Q

Composed of sets of cisternae and numerous vesicles with fluid and suspended substances.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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16
Q

It is responsible for processing, packaging, and sorting of sceretory materials.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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17
Q

Referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

It contains enzymes that help in the chemical oxidation of food molecules that produces energy in the form of energy.

A

Mitochondrion

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19
Q

The numerous folds of the inner membrane.

A

Cristae

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20
Q

The space inside the inner membrane.

A

Matrix

21
Q

Small, spherical, membrane-bound organells which contain a number of enzymes for intracellular digestion.

A

Lysosomes

22
Q

These are large dense granules with membranes.

A

Secretory granules

23
Q

Membrane-bound sacs that are used to store or transport substances around the cell.

A

Vesicles

24
Q

The site where proteins are made .

A

Ribosomes

25
Q

it has a central role in cell division where it participates in the formation of the mitotic spindle.

A

Centriole

26
Q

They form the cytoskeleton of the cell.

A

Microtubules

27
Q

It supports the cell to maintain its structure and shape as it provides resiliency against forces that can alter the shape of the cell.

A

Microfilaments

28
Q

It is an example of microfilaments that aid in the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

A

Spindle fibers

29
Q

It is the site where nucleic acid is synthesized and, therefore, directs all the activities of the cell.

A

Nucleus

30
Q

It is a molecule responsible for various cellular functions such as genetic coding and expression.

A

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

31
Q

It is a two-layered outer limit of the nucleus of separating it from the cytoplasm.

A

Nuclear membrane

32
Q

The dense, protein-rich substance inside the nucleus is called _____

A

nucleoplasm

33
Q

Structures responsible for ribosome formation

A

Nucleolus

34
Q

It acts as selectively channels between the cytoplasm and the inside of nucleus.

A

Nuclear pores

35
Q

Found inside the nucleus. It is made up of DNA and proteins, and forms chromosomes during cell division.

A

Chromatin

36
Q

It is the outermost rigid covering of plant cells.

A

Cell wall

37
Q

It is primarily composed of cellulose embedded in hardening compounds such as pectin and lignin.

A

Cell wall

38
Q

Plant cells produce two types of cell walls

A

Primary and secondary walls

39
Q

It is the first to form, particularly, during the growth period of the cell

A

Primary wall

40
Q

When it is formed, expansion in cell size can no longer be expected.

A

Secondary wall

41
Q

It helps provide strength and rigidity to the plant cell

A

Primary and secondary walls

42
Q

It stores enzymes and waste products.

A

Water Vacuoles

43
Q

Waste materials inside the vacoules could be in the form of ________.

A

Poisonous substances

44
Q

They carry out the photosynthetic function in plants.

A

Plastids

45
Q

Contains the green pigment, chlorophyll which is designed to absorb sunlight in the initial step of photosynthesis.

A

Chloroplasts

46
Q

It synthesizes and store pigments such as yellow, carotene, xanthophylls, and various red pigments.

A

Chromoplasts

47
Q

It stores food such as starches, lipids, and proteins.

A

Leucoplast

48
Q

Are small channels that connect the cytoplasm of plant cells to each other forming a living bridge between cells.

A

Plasmodesmata

General Biology 1 (6 decks)

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