Eukaryotic Gene Regulation Flashcards
(20 cards)
chromatin remodeling
the process by which the structure of chromatin is hanged to allow or inhibit transcription.
RNA Processing
the changes that pre mRNA goes through to become mature mRNA.
DNA Methyltransferases
enzymes that add to methyl groups to cytosine residues in DNA by DNA methylation
most abundant dna proteins
histones
Why does DNA have a negative charge?
phosphate groups
Why do histones have a positive charge?
they contain many lysines and argenines
DNAse
enzymes that cut DNA, if it is decondensed
Methylated CpG sequences
recognized by proteins that trigger chromatin condensation.
histone acetyltransferases (HATS)
add acetyl groups to positively charged lysine residues in histones. Neutralizes the positive charge. Promotes decondensed chromatin, associated with active transcription.
histone deactylases (HDACs)
remove acetyl groups from lysine residues in histones. Associated with condensed state, no transcription.
chromatin remodeling complex
use ATP to reshape chromatin
epigenetic inheritance
any mechanism of inheritance that is due to something other than differences in DNA sequences
core promoter
the specific sequence where RNA Pol binds.
TATA Box
extensively studied core promoter sequence. Located around 30 base pairs upstream from transcription start.
TATA Binding protein
protein that binds to TATA box
regulatory sequences
allow binding of proteins that control the initiation transcription.
promoter proximal elements
regulatory sequence close to the promoter that are associated with each gene.
enhancer
regulatory sequence far from the promoter, activates transcription.
transcriptional activators
binds to regulatory DNA sequence to begin transcription.
silencer
DNA sequence that will stop transcription if a repressor is bound.
