European Colonization Flashcards
French Colonization
Motives
What they could sell and what they could trade. The natives were killing beavers and making pelts and they would trade these pelts because the europeans knew they could sell them for some money.
French Colonization
Locations
Saint Lawrene river. Takes over the great lakes region and Liuisiana. The yare limited to colonization
French colonization
Fur trade/Coureur des Bois
Runners of the woods. They are fur traders. Natives kill beavers for pelts and they have a productive relationship
French Colonization
Metis
French colonization
Impact on natives
Because of trade, different native tribes start to battle each other for beaver pelts to trade to the french.
French Colonization
Impact on environment
Beaver population/pelts starts to decline
French Colonization
Religion in New France
Southern Colonies
Virginia (Chesapeake) 1607+Virginia Company of London
They have a charter stating the rights of englishmen, saying thye were promised the form to representative governent and the rights of law. They are not laborers, but the second sons.
Southern Colonies
Early problems
> They sail up the James River, which is malaria ridden. They arrive with 104 men, but only have 38 survivors in 1608. They aren’t supposed to engage in warfare to the “naturals”. They leave John Smith in the ship when he is supposed to be running the colony. They don’t know how to do labor, so they get John Smith. They are only looking for gold, not looking for food or building shelter. “You need to work if you want to eat”. Powhatan tribe surrounds them, raid them and steal their food. Fortify their colony, put up a strong front. Natives only trust John Smith, so when he leaves, it all goes to shit.
Southern Colonies
Starving time of Winter 1609-1610
John smith is now gone, and the indians don’t trust anybody else. 9 Ships, 600 colonists- only 7 ships, 500 colonists arrive in 1609. Many start dying off of starvation, malaria. 60 People are alive. The ship lost in bermuda found it’s way back to Virginia. John Rolfe arrives. Load the other people into their ship, but as they were leaving, Governor De La Warr shows up.
Southern Colonies
De La Warr rules
He comes with a different message 1610, state of perpetual war with the natives. Ruins the colony like a military colony.
Southern Colonies
John Rolf
Finds tobacco
Southern Colonies
Economic growth
Southern colonies
Anglo=Powhatan Wars
Powhatan Confederacy created long before the Colonists settled. There were many tribes surrounding them. 1610, they aren’t getting anything from the natives, so they need to clear them out. 1st war, 1610-1614, using irish tactics, destroying their crops and homes to get them to leave. Pocahontas is kidnapped and De la Warr is trying to get Chief Powhatan to give them a ransom. She falls in love with John Rolfe. They get married, the end of the powhatan war. For thrity years they have tobacco growth. 2nd war, pushing the powhatans way farther out. Sets the precedent of how they treat the natives
Southern Colonies
Indentured servants
Laborers who are meant to work. Rising population in england, and people need work, so these indentured servants sell themselves to wealthy landowners to go to the colonies. You were then freed after 7 years and given some gifts, like a chunk of land. Headright system- wealthy can invest and pay a person to go to Virginia to get 50 acres of land. Families start moving to work the land.
Southern Colonies
Reasons for switching to african slavery
A dutch ship shows up with 20 Africans, treated as indentured servitude in 1619. By 1670, the founding of the carolinas is taken over by rich sugar planters.
Southern Colonies
barbados slave codes
West indies are producing sugar and not producing anything else. Mid-late 16 hundreds. Slave code developed in barbados, for every 1 white colonist 4 slaves, keeps them under control. It dehumanizes the slave. Brought to the colonies. Treating them as beasts of burden, for example, whipping, chaining, torture, beatings, ect.
Southern Colonies
African resistance to slavery
Southern Colonies
Social structure
Southern Colonies
Political structure
House of Burgesses in 1619, first representative gov in America.
Maryland (Chesapeake)
Reasons for settlement
1634, George Calvert, Lord Baltimore is friends with Charles 1, and gives him a place in Maryland because of religious strife for catholics. Tobacco production. catholic excidus, but they need people to work the land. Indentured servants are mostly protestants
Maryland (chesapeake)
Act of toleration
Population is mostly protestants because of indentured servants, so they make the Act of Toleration in 1649 to protects them to practice catholocism. If you were christian, or catholic, you are good to practice how you wish. Prior to this, you could be a muslim or a jew, but now there is a law that stops others for practicing religion.
Carolinas
Economy
Jamaica used to be part of the Spanish. But by 1655, they take it over. They produce Sugar which is a rich man’s crop. They bring the slave trade to Carolinas to work on rice plantations
Georgia 1733
James Oglethorpe renting this colony. people are there for a second chance, receiving money from the crown to act as a buffer for violence. Slow growth, because it’s a buffer zone, meant to protect them. The climate is hot and humid, and by 1733, you have slavery and georgia forbid slaves till 1750. because they were so close to spain, the slaves could easily run away to spain and convince the slaves to join them.
