European Domination: Colonization & Imperialism Flashcards
(35 cards)
Who had colonies in North America?
France, England, and Spain all had colonies in North America.
Spain was the first to colonize North America, and they conquered the Aztecs and Incas quickly.
After conquering them, they stole all of the Aztecs and Incas silver and gold.
The surviving Aztecs and Incas were forced to work as slaves in mines where they would look for more gold and silver
Which European country was the most powerful, heading into the 1600s?
Spain.
This was because they had lots of lands they controlled in North and South America. In addition to the land, they had tons of silver and gold stolen from the Aztecs and Incas.
What type of Government did Spain have?
Absolute Monarchy AND a Theocracy
What type of Government did France have?
Absolute Monarchy
The power of the King is ABSOLUTE in an Absolute Monarchy.
If you have ABSOLUTE power, that means that whatever you say, goes.
King Louis XIV, who was an absolute monarch, was quoted as saying, “I am the state”. Meaning, he is the government.
What type of Government did England have?
Constitutional Monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a government where you have a King, but he is limited by laws found in a constitution. Which is why it is called a Constitutional Monarchy.
Who were “Los Reyes Catholicos”?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What is “La Reconquista”?
It is when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella kicked out all of the Muslims, Jews, and Protestants.
They did this to “purify” the country.
How did Spain re-discover North America?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella paid Christopher Columbus to find a new trade route to Asia.
This is because the old trade routes went through Muslim lands, and when non-Muslims entered Muslim lands, they had to pay the Jizya, which, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella refused to do.
What did Spain do with all the riches (gold and silver) they stole from the Aztec and Inca?
They purchased the Spanish Armada (among other things).
Who did the Spanish first attack with their Armada?
They attacked England, which was a Protestant country.
They also attacked England because England would send Seadogs to attack Spanish ships.
What is a Protestant?
A protestant is someone who is Christian, but not a Catholic.
Once upon a time, most Christians were Catholics. But, when Martin Luther started the Protestant Reformation, he got lots of Christians to reject the authority of the Catholic Church and start a different type of Christianity.
ALL Protestants are Christians
ALL Catholics are Christians
What is the Anglican Church or Church of England?
Anglican Church is a type of Protestant Christianity.
It was started by King Henry of England who wanted to get a divorce, but the leader of the Catholic Church(Pope) refused to give him the divorce.
King Henry wanted the divorce because his wife (the Princess of Spain) was only having female babies.
So King Henry started his own religion, the Anglican Church. Which is still a Christian Church today!
What did Spain do with the surviving Aztecs and Incas who were not killed in the conquest?
They enslaved them. They forced them to work in the mines as slaves. Men and Women were forced to work in the mines.
In addition to working in the mines, Aztec and Inca women were often raped by the Spanish conquistadors.
What happens to the Aztec/Inca workers in the mines over time?
Some of them die due to starvation.
Eventually they run out of gold and silver to mine, and so the Spanish force the survivors and the survivor’s children to work on Encomiendas.
What are encomiendas?
Encomiendas are where the Spanish would force Native Americans (Aztec and Inca) to work for 14-16 hours per day, 7 days a week, and also teach them about Catholicism. The Spanish did this to “save them from burning in hell”.
What replaced encomiendas?
Haciendas
Haciendas are just like encomiendas, except they don’t teach them Christianity. Haciendas also focus more on making money for the Spanish.
What did the Spanish do, as the numbers of enslaves Aztec and Inca survivors (and their children) decreased?
They went to Africa to kidnap people and force them into slavery.
The Spanish aren’t the only ones to do this either. Almost every major European country went to Africa to kidnap African peoples, in order to force them into slavery. This includes England and France.
These European countries would force the kidnapped Africans to work on plantations, which made the European countries lots of money.
Who assists the USA to get their Independence?
France and Spain helped the USA get its independence from England.
France and Spain only helped the USA because both countries hated England.
How much power did the Estates-General have in France?
Almost no power. France was an Absolute Monarchy, so the only person that mattered was the Monarch (King).
The Estates-General could only meet if the King asked for it to meet.
What did France do once they made a city in North America?
They started to trade with the Native Americans.
The French gave the Native Americans guns, and the Native Americans gave the French some animal furs.
Which two countries are involved in the 7 years war? Who wins?
France and England.
England won
What were negative and positive consequences for France in the 7 years war?
Positive Consequences: None
Negative Consequences: Lost all of their land in North America and went into debt
Going into debt means you owe lots of money
What were the negative and positive consequences for England in the 7 years war?
Positive Consequences: DOUBLED the size of their land in North America, because they took France’s land after the 7 years war.
Negative Consequences: Went into debt
Going into debt means you owe lots of money
What were positive and negative consequences for France helped the USA win their war of Independence?
Positive: They got all the land they lost in the 7 years war back from England
Negative: Went into A LOT MORE DEBT. Like OMG. SO MUCH DEBT. They owed like hundreds of billions of dollars in todays money.
