European foulbrood. Colony collapse disorders

Question 1

latin for EFB

Answer 1

putrificatio polybacteritica lavarum

Question 2

where is it found

Answer 2

all continents where apis mellifera are kept
also indian apis cerena

Question 3

where has it never occurred

Answer 3

new zealand

Question 4

is it notifiable

Answer 4

yes to OIE

Question 5

Pathogen

Answer 5

melissococcus - bacillus streptococcus plutonius

Question 6

characteristics of the bacteria

Answer 6

non spore

gram positive

occurs singly or in pairs

needs co2 for growth

Question 7

survival

Answer 7

up to several years in cells

Question 8

virulence

Answer 8

less virulent than american

Question 9

types of strains

Answer 9

typical and atypical

Question 10

who carries the bacteria

Answer 10

adult bees

Question 11

what can also spread the pathogen

Answer 11

varroae mites
infected wax
honey
equipment
swarms can spread it between areas

Question 12

3 secondary invaders

Answer 12

achromabacter eurydice

enterococcus faecalis - sour smell

paenibacillus alvei - foul odour

Question 13

roles of the secondary bacteria

Answer 13

unclear

Question 14

pathogenesis in larvae

Answer 14

susceptible at any stage of their unscaled life

Question 15

when are larvae killed

Answer 15

4-5 day old larvae killed before they are capped

Question 16

infected larvae that survive produce what

Answer 16

subnormal weight and spin feeble cocoons

Question 17

major symptoms

Answer 17

often none

Question 18

shape of infected larvae

Answer 18

curled upwards in the uncapped cell and then they die

Question 19

dead larvae morphology

Answer 19

flaccid

brownish greyish black

Question 20

death of larvae after the cell is sealed

Answer 20

resulting in sunken capping resembling AFB

Question 21

when is EFB more problematic

Answer 21

where forage nectar is sporadic or fewer nerse bees in colonies to feed larvae

Question 22

outbreak during brood rearing suddenly increases when?

Answer 22

when severly infected larvae have insufficient glandular food - royal jelly

Question 23

prevalence

Answer 23

more common in small weak colonies because they grow quicker

Question 24

main characteristics of EFB

Answer 24

sour or no smell

black brown rubbery scale

before capped

twist

dull

Question 25

characteristics of AFB

Answer 25

sulfur or chicken house smell brown black brittle after capped chocolate brown black

Question 26

diagnosis

Answer 26

smell colour larvae - twisted and uncapped and become a brown semi liquid mass

Question 27

ropiness tests

Answer 27

differentiates between EFB and AFB

Question 28

Lab diagnostics

Answer 28

isolation of pathogen from larvae or pupae

Question 29

what happens if M plutonius acts alone

Answer 29

infected larvae detected and ejected by nurse bees

Question 30

therapy if weak

Answer 30

stimulate hygiene behaviour of bees - by placing near good foraging site or feeding with honey/sugar water

Question 31

therapy if strong

Answer 31

remove infected brood combs to prevent spread

Question 32

treatment of both AFB AND EFB

Answer 32

no treatment

Question 33

what is colony collapse disorder

Answer 33

abnormal phenomenon majority of workers disappear in colony, leaving behind queen, stored food and immature bees