European Integration

Question 1

1918

Answer 1

League of Nations (fail)

Question 2

1946

Answer 2

European Union of Federalists (Spinelli)

Question 3

1948

Answer 3

The Hague Congress :

• Creation of Council of Europe
• ECHR
• No link with European Union

Question 4

1952

Answer 4

European Coal and Steel Community

European Defence Community Treaty - Fail :

• Creation of European Army on paper but no common foreign policy
• Draft of European Political Community (fail)

Question 5

1955

Answer 5

Messina :

• WEU (Western European Union)
• Sectoral integration (Monnet)
• Common Market is on the table
• France wants nuclear and agricultural policy

Question 6

European Economic Community

Answer 6

1958 to 1967 :

• Common external tariff and Common Agricultural Policy
• 1963 - FR vetoes GB application
• 1965 - Empty chair crisis, De Gaulle fait chier
• 1966 - ‘Luxembourg Compromise’, national contributions for CAP and no QMV

Question 7

1970s - 1980s

Answer 7

1973 - Oil crisis
1981 - Greece joins
1986 - Spain and Portugal join
Thatcher - Negotiations, wants more money, they get a discount deal

Question 8

1987

Answer 8

Single European Act :

• Completion of Single Market (monetary and currency union, removal of trade barriers…)
• Institutional reform - QMV in Council of Ministers

Question 9

1992

Answer 9

Maastricht Treaty :

• After Delors Report of 1989
• 3 pillars (European Community, Common Foreign and Security Policy and Justice and Home Affairs)

Question 10

1995

Answer 10

Enlargement - Austria, Finland and Sweden join

Question 11

Constitutional Treaty

Answer 11

2004 - Fail because of NL and FR - Switched to Lisbon Treaty