EV1011 - L1-2 Introduction to Sustainability

Question 1

What are the United Nations sustainability priority areas? (6)

Answer 1

Agriculture
Biodiversity decline
Climate change
(doctors) Health
Energy
(fresh) Water and sanitation

Question 2

How many people lack adequate drinking water world wide?

Answer 2

783 million

783,000,000 people

Question 3

How many people lack basic sanitation world wide?

Answer 3

2.5 billion

2,500,000,000 pepole

Question 4

How many children die every day as a direct result of poor water and sanitation world wide?

Answer 4

6,000 children

2,200,000/year

Question 5

How many children die in developing countries each year from preventable diseases?

Answer 5

9.7 million/year

9,700,000 children

Question 6

How many were killed by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in 2003 globaly?

Answer 6

3 million

3,000,000 people

Question 7

Malaria kills how many people each year?

Answer 7

1.3 million

1,300,000/year

Question 8

Fossile fuels account for how much of the world energy needs?

Answer 8

80%

Question 9

How many people do not have access to reliable energy sources globaly?

Answer 9

1.6 billion

1,600,000,000 people

Question 10

What persentage of agricultural land is degraded globaly?

Answer 10

40%

Question 11

What is Eutrophication and why is it a problem?

Answer 11

it is excessive richness in a body of water. Often due to runoff. Causes dense plant/algae growth.

Dense growth lowers oxygen levels in water upsetting other organisms

Question 12

How much carbon dioxide is s resut of agriculture (mainly forest clearance)?

Answer 12

23-30%

Question 13

What percentage of the worlds post glacial forests have been destroyed?

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

How much rainforest did Brail clear in 2002?

Answer 14

25,000 squ kms

Question 15

How much savanah land did brazil clear in 2002?

Answer 15

20,000 squ kms

Question 16

What is the main reason for loss of habitat for animals?

Answer 16

Agriculture

Question 17

What percentage of the worlds coral reefs are under threat?

Answer 17

75%

Question 18

How many people does air polution kill each year globaly?

Answer 18

2 million

2,000,000 peple

Question 19

How much is the sea level expected to rise each year? is this increasing or decreasing?

Answer 19

3.1mm/year. It is increasing

Question 20

What is the range in poplulation predictions for 2100?

Answer 20

5.6 billion to 14 billion

Question 21

What is the world population now?

Answer 21

Over 7 billlion

Question 22

What are the emerging challenges not covered by the UN sustainability priority areas? (8)

Answer 22

Human population
Cities and megacities
Water
Peak Oil
Poverty
Food Security
Biosecurity
Consumerism

Question 23

What regions is human population expected to increase most?

Answer 23

Less developed countries

Question 24

What percentage increase is expected for people aged over 60 world wide by 2050?

Answer 24

it is expected to nearly tripple (200% increase)

Question 25

How many mega cities were present in 2007?

Answer 25

19 mega cities

Question 26

What is a mega city?

Answer 26

A city with a population of >10 million pepole

Question 27

How much of the worlds population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050?

Answer 27

70% of people globaly

Question 28

True or False? There is a shortage of fresh water globaly

Answer 28

False There is plenty of water it just isn't distributed sustainably or fairly.

Question 29

How much fresh water goes towards agriculture?

Answer 29

70% of fresh water

Question 30

Why are desalination plants not sustainable? (2)

Answer 30

They are power hungry They are expensive (poorer countries that need water cannot afford it) The water is available but needs to be transported to where it is needed

Question 31

What is unsustainable with using channels to transport water for farming?

Answer 31

Channels alow for large amounts of evapourisation because they are exposed to the suns heat

Question 32

Why will climate change be a major issue in regards to the global water crisis? (2)

Answer 32

Changes in rainfall | Higher temperatures causing evapourisation

Question 33

What is peak oil?

Answer 33

The point in time when the maximum rate of oil production is reached, after which the rate of production is expected to enter terminal decline

Question 34

When will peak oil be?

Answer 34

It is undefined. Some say it is now, some say it will be around 2020 some say we have already passed it.

Question 35

How long is oil supply (know deposits) expected to last?

Answer 35

Around 40 years. new deposits may be found but they will not be able to keep up with demand

Question 36

True or False? The world would easily function if oil suply were to be cut off tomorw

Answer 36

False Almost all aspects of society rely on oil in some way or another

Question 37

What can be done to decrease our oil consumption now? (3)

Answer 37

Increase fuel efficiency Use other fossil fuels (eg gas, coal, oil shale) Identify/develope alternatives (eg. biofules)

Question 38

Why will equity be effected as oil stocks become smaller?

Answer 38

Price will rise for oil and developing countries will not be able to afford oil.

Question 39

Define absolute poverty

Answer 39

No access to (including being able to afford) basic necessities of life. (food, water, clothing, shelter, health care, education)

Question 40

How is poverty a distribution problem?

Answer 40

Wealth isnt distributed evenly enough. We can afford luxuries and they can't afford basics

Question 41

What are the negative side-effects of poverty? (4)

Answer 41

Lower life expectancy Undermined development Inequality (encouraging corruption, crime, violence, war, etc) Low food security

Question 42

Define food security

Answer 42

The availability of food and an individuals access to it

Question 43

How many people are chronically hungry globaly?

Answer 43

852 million people are chronicly hungry | 852,000,000 peple

Question 44

How many people lack food security globaly?

Answer 44

``` 2 Billion (around 30%) 2,000,000,000 people ```

Question 45

What has caused food security to be an issue? (6)

Answer 45

Population growth Agricultural land becoming residential and industrial Land degridation (soil cant grow crops) Climate change (temp/water/air not right to grow crops) Wheat stem rust (biosecurity) Peaks in essentials (eg oil, fish, water, phosphorus, grain)

Question 46

What persentage of the worlds fish stocks are in distress and nearing depleation?

Answer 46

75% of fish stocks

Question 47

What does biosecurity refer to?

Answer 47

Biosecurity refers to diseases in plants and animals (macro and icro organisms and pathogens)

Question 48

What are the 2 major biosecurity issues?

Answer 48

Introduced plants and animals | Diseases affecting humans (dealt with under public health but is a biosecurity issue)