evaluation Flashcards
(10 cards)
skills
- challenging assumptions
realism, relevance e.g. perfect info, rational behaviour - consider multiple perspectives- e.g. winners and losers
- elasticity- price elasticity of demand and supply
time frame - short run v Long run- does the police have diff outcomes SR/LR
policy combinations- better than one alone- mic policies
risks of government failure- deepen existing MF, unintended consequences, info gaps, administrative costs, reg capture
LT consequences not intervening worse then intervention
trade off - equity and efficiency
rising cost housing
Londons mayor, calls for rent controls and caps in priv secor- av rent reached 2,633 per month 2025 10.5% increase
nearly 40% incomes go on rent in London
2 policies other than rent controls that might improve housing affordability in UK
- subsidising housing development in London
rising minimum wage
changing planning permissions, allow for building on greenbelt or brown belt land to increase supply
help to buy schemes
tax on second home ownership
increasing housing supply- planning reform, make easier and faster to build new homes especially areas high demand. require developers to include a fixed %of affordable or spill housing in new developments
tax reforms on empty homes and second homes- increase council tax or levy additional taxes on vacant proprties and second homes, free up underused housing stock and reduce speculative ownership
sugar tax
UK soft drink industry levy- 2018
by 2024 sugar consumption from soft drinks fell by 35% but obesity rates have continued to rise patricianly around children in low income areas
sugar tax raised 1.1 billion between 2018and 2023
assumptions that underpin the theory behind the sugar tax and which can be challenged
- relatively inelastic PED- in reality especially Low income groups and habitual
- may switch unhealthy substitutes- sugary snacks, doesn’t consider cross elasticity
- assumes perfect info about every product in the market on sugar content
- assumes sugar is main cause of obesity
- assumes soft drinks are the worst/ most consumed sugary drink
- assumes rational behavioipur
- assumes reducing sugar leads to directly lore obesity, obesity is multi- causal , calorie intake, physcial acyivity0 substitute effects could consume more calories other sources
scottland minimum pricing policy
minimum unit price 50p per unit of alcohol in 2018
2024 13& reduction alcohol related hospital admissions, decreased alcohol consumption,ption heavy drinkers
increased to 65p
perspectives on the impact of this police from the point of view of different stakeholders
- regressive low income and heavy drinkers, heavy drinkers may cut spending elsewhere, food and heating
- minimum price doesn’t raise revenue for government, missed opportunity to hypothecate- NHS, treating alcoholics
- reduction in alcohol relayed harm eases strain on emergency services - minimising external costs of alcohol misuse- NHS burden, crime, lost labour productivity
government has reintroduced grants for EV’S
reintroduced £3000 purchase grants for EV’s under £40,000 to accelerate the shift away from petrol arms
2024- EV’s made up 23% of new car sales in U, but costs remain a major barrier for many potential buyers
extent to which demand side policy such as £3000 grant people buying EV’s likely to be effective
- doesn’t consider running costs, install an EV at home or costs e.g. petrol station
- not exact substitutes
- inherently regressive - only wealthy consumers can afford to spend e.g. £37000 on a vehicle
-better spent elsewhere such as renewable energy sources
- elasticity of supply and demand- battery shortages, manufacturing capacity, limit policies effectiveness even if demand ruses
need for complementary stratiegies, public charging infastrucutre investment, public charging infrastructure
