EVALUATION OF METABOLIC, NUTRITIONAL AND ENDOCRINE DISORDERS - OSTEOPOROSIS

Question 1

what can give rise to osteosclerosis?

Answer 1

decrease in bone resorption

or increase in bone production

Question 2

What can be the cuase of osteopenia?

Answer 2

increased bone resorption
decreased bone production
combination of increased resoption and decrease bone production

Question 3

What is gives rise to osteopenia when bone resorption and production are normal?

Answer 3

decreased mineralization

Question 4

What is the imagining modality of choice to evaluate metabolic, nutritional and endocrine disorders of osteoporosis?

Answer 4

Conventional radiography

Question 5

What is the most effective imagining techique is used to measure bone density?

Answer 5

Dural-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Question 6

The preferred technique of choice to measure BMD (bone mineral density) is what?

Answer 6

DEXA scan

Question 7

The imaging procedures that can be usefule in evaluation of metabolic, nutitional and endocrine disorders include

Answer 7

MRI, CT, Conventional radiogrphy and bone scentigraphy

Question 8

DEXA scan indications are

Answer 8

post menopausal not taking Estrogen
presonal/maternal history of Hip fx or smoking
Tall/thin postmenopausal women
Medications
Type 1 diabetes, thyroid disorder

Question 9

What are the 3 MC causes of generalized osteopenia?

Answer 9

osteoporosis
osteomalacia
hyperparathyroidism

Question 10

what is the definition of osteopenia?

Answer 10

low or reduced bone mass (poverty of bone) of lesser severity than osteoporosis

Question 11

Osteoporosis is assocated with

Answer 11

deficient matrix, normal mineralization

Question 12

What cause of osteopenia is osteomalacia?

Answer 12

normal bone matrix (normal bone quantity)
deficient mineralization (poor bone quality)

Question 13

In hyperparathyroidism what is the cause of the osteopenia problem?

Answer 13

an increased resoption d/t parathormone

Question 14

what is the mc metabolic disorder of bone? What is it caused by?

Answer 14

Osteoporosis

decreased amt of normal bone

Question 15

Osteoporosis is defined as

Answer 15

increased porosity of bone which leads to structural failure

Question 16

MC metabolic disorder of bone is

Answer 16

osteoporosis

Question 17

Primary osteoporosis encompasses for type I

Answer 17

postmenopausal

Question 18

Primary osteoporosis encompasses type II is

Answer 18

senescent individuals over 75 yrs old

Question 19

Primary osteoporosis encompasses for Type II older individuals 75 yrs old is also called

Answer 19

involutional

Question 20

Osteoporosis majority of skeleton most promient where? What is an example?

Answer 20

Axial region

Involutional

Question 21

What region of the extremity is involved in osteoporosis?

Answer 21

immobilization, paralysis and RSDS

Question 22

Localized osteoporosis is associated with

Answer 22

neoplasm
infection
inflammatory arthritis

Question 23

MC complaint with patient’s with osteoporosis is what?

Answer 23

back pain

Question 24

mc site of fx in osteoporosis is where?

Answer 24

vertebral body

next location is Proximal femur, wrists

Question 25

Fractures associated with osteoporosis is

Answer 25

Fragility fractures

Question 26

Bone is removed from what location/part within the bone?

Answer 26

trabecular or spongy areas

Question 27

The procedure of choice to assess osteoporosis is what?

Answer 27

dural-energy x-ray absorptiometry DEXA

Question 28

Conventional radiography is the LEAST reliable procedure to see because

Answer 28

the appearance can be influenced by eposure settings

Question 29

Radiographic Hallmark features of osteoporosis are

Answer 29

increased radiolucenecy (osteopenia) Cortical thinning (pencil-thin) sharp & well-defined Altered trabecular patterns Structural failure

Question 30

The radiographic features of osteoporosis in the spine are

Answer 30

``` decreased (spongy) bone density cortical thinning (end plates) trabecular changes: accentuated seudo-Hemangiomatous appearnce or washed out Curve changes leads to increased kyphosis ```

Question 31

What changes are made to the vertebral body shape is what? what is the unusual presentation?

Answer 31

pancake, silver-dollar vertebra | malignant disease

Question 32

The mc radiographic feature of spine in osteoporosis is what?

Answer 32

Wedged vertebra mc in Mid thoracic & Thoracolumbar spine

Question 33

what is the proper name for severe kyphosis? what is this condition due to?

Answer 33

Dowager's hump deformity | Anterior body wedging and Decreased disc height degenerative in nature

Question 34

Thin but promanent end plates and structural failure, decreased bone mineralization are finding consistant with what condition?

Answer 34

osteoporosis

Question 35

Regarding DEXA, what two areas are imaged?

Answer 35

spine and hips

Question 36

What is the most common presenting complaint in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Answer 36

Back pain  

Question 37

The proximal femur is the most common location for structural failure in patients with postmenopausal or senescent osteoporosis. True or False

Answer 37

False