Evaluation of the sick child Flashcards
(22 cards)
Name important components in paediatric history
Perinatal history Prenatal history Birth history Neonatal history Growth and development Immunization Diet and feeding Family history Social Financial
How do we round off weight in infants?
Nearest 10g
How do we round off weight in children?
Nearest 100g
How does axillary temperature compare to core temperature?
AT is 1 degree lower
How does groin temperature compare to core temperature?
GT is 1 degree lower
How does oral temperature compare to core temperature?
OT is 0.5 degree lower
Define fever in a child
Temperature above 38
Define hypothermia in a child
Temperature below 35.5
Name important components in the paediatric general examination
Measurements - weight - height - HC - temperature Nutritional state General appearance Skin Head Face Eyes Nose Ears Respiratory system CVS Abdomen CNS
When is jaundice visible in newborn?
Total serum bilirubin > 90umol/l
When is jaundice visible in the older child?
Total serum bilirubin >40mol/l
Name causes of nail bed pallor
Low Hb
Shock
Hypoproteinaemia
Name signs of dehydration
Poor tissue turgor
Sunken fontanelle
Absence of tears
Dry mouth mucous membranes
In which dehydrated infants will tissue turgor be less reduced?
Obese
Hypernatremia
Which locations can be used to demonstrate oedema?
Dorsum of foot
Anterior tibia
Lower spine
When should anterior fontanelle close?
18 months
Name causes of premature closing of the anterior fontanelle
Microcephaly
Craniostenosis
Name causes of delayed closing of the anterior fontanelle
Hydrocephalus
Rickets
Cretinism
What is a bulging fontanelle a sign of?
Raised ICP
What is purulent discharge from a signal nostril a sign of?
Foreign body
How does ear examination differ in infants?
Ear canal is upward
Pull pinna downwards
How does ear examination differ in older children?
Ear canal is downward and forward
Pull pinna up and back
