Evaporation

Question 1

changes into a gas or
it is the process by which a
liquid changes into a gas or
vapor at temperatures below
its boiling point.

Answer 1

evaporation

Question 2

It refers to the transformation of liquid water into water vapor

Answer 2

evaporation

Question 3

In a liquid, molecules are in constant motion with varying
kinetic energies.
kinetic energies

Answer 3

Molecular motion

Question 4

Molecules at the liquid’s surface have fewer neighboring molecules above them compared to those in the bulk liquid

Answer 4

surface molecule

Question 5

For evaporation to occur, a molecule must have enough ________ to
overcome the intermolecular forces holding it in the liquid state.

Answer 5

overcoming intermolecular forces, kinetic energy

Question 6

As molecules evaporate, they create a _________ above the liquid surface.

Answer 6

vapor pressure

Question 7

Evaporation continues as long as this vapor pressure is less than the
__________ at that temperature

Answer 7

saturation vapor pressure

Question 8

In a __________, evaporation will eventually reach a balance with
condensation (gas molecules returning to the liquid).

Answer 8

dynamic equilibrium, closed system

Question 9

The wider the _________, the
faster the water evaporates

Answer 9

surface area

Question 10

Factors Affecting Evaporation

Answer 10

Surface Area
temperature
humidity
wind velocity
water quality
water depth

Question 11

The _______ the temperature, the
faster the evaporation

Answer 11

higher

Question 12

Lower humidity = ________
Higher humidity = _________
100% humidity = __________

Answer 12

faster evaporation
slower evaporation
no net evaporation
(equilibrium)

Question 13

Higher wind velocity =
___________
Lower wind velocity =
___________

Answer 13

faster evaporation
slower evaporation

Question 14

______ or _______ water
evaporates slower than fresh
water.

Answer 14

Salty, impure

Question 15

_________ evaporates faster due to
more surface area exposed to heat and air.

Answer 15

Shallow water

Question 16

__________ evaporates slower as it
retains heat longer and has less exposure

Answer 16

Deeper water

Question 17

Molecules contained in a liquid evaporate from the __________

Answer 17

surface area

Question 18

The surface area can be estimated based on the _________ of the evaporating substance

Answer 18

dimensions

Question 19

The higher the _________, the more molecules move, enabling them to escape from the surface of a liquid

Answer 19

temperature

Question 20

Instruments commonly used to measure temperature in evaporation studies and hydrology

Answer 20

Thermometer
Thermo-hydrograph
Maximum & Minimum Thermometer
Thermocouple

Question 21

Measures how hot or cold the atmosphere is in (Celsius, Fahrenheit, or Kelvin)

Answer 21

Thermometer

Question 22

an instrument which records the environmental temperature and humidity at the same time, usually both continually

Answer 22

Thermo-hydrograph

Question 23

This records the highest and lowest temperature over a specific period.

Answer 23

Maximum and minimum thermometer

Question 24

this is a sensor that converts temperature into an electrical signal, allowing for precise and continuous temperature measurements.

Answer 24

Thermocouple

Question 25

It's often used in evaporation studies to monitor the temperature a=of the evaporating substance of the surrounding environment

Answer 25

Thermocouple

Question 26

an instrument used in meteorological science to measure the humidity, or amount of water vapor in the air

Answer 26

hygrometer

Question 27

Common types of hygrometer

Answer 27

Psychrometer electronic hygrometer hair hygrometer

Question 28

a type of hygrometer used to measure the moisture content or relative humidity in the air

Answer 28

psychrometer

Question 29

psychrometer consists of two thermometer

Answer 29

dry bulb & wet bulb

Question 30

detects the change in the electrostatic capacity or electric resistance of a sensor when it absorbs moisture.

Answer 30

electronic hygrometer

Question 31

uses dielectric material made of high polymer membrane, as a sensor

Answer 31

electrical capacitive hygrometer

Question 32

a traditional and most common tool used to measure wind speed and direction

Answer 32

anemometer

Question 33

composed of a vertical pillar and three or four cups. These cups capture the movement of air flow

Answer 33

anemometer

Question 34

have no moving parts and measure wind speed using high frequency sound and acoustic resonance

Answer 34

Ultrasonic anemometer

Question 35

uses beam light from a laser based on the principle of reflective signal

Answer 35

laser doppler anemometer

Question 36

It is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. _____ supports a diversity of plants and wildlife

Answer 36

Water quality, Clean water

Question 37

properties measured by scientists to determine water quality.

Answer 37

temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved solids (specific conductance), particulate matter (turbidity), dissolved oxygen, hardness and suspended sediment

Question 38

____________ is important to fish and aquatic plants. ________- can affect the level of oxygen, as well as the ability of organisms to resist certain pollutants.

Answer 38

Water temperature, Temperature

Question 39

Make sure the thermometer is submerged at least _____ under the surface of the water. Hold under the water for ______ You'll know it's ready when the temperature has remained the same for at least ______.

Answer 39

10 cm, 5 minutes, 30 seconds

Question 40

___ is the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) present in a substance such as water. Knowing the amount of hydrogen in a substance allows us to judge whether it is acidic, neutral, or basic.

Answer 40

PH

Question 41

3 ways to test your water’s ph level.

Answer 41

pH meter pH test strips Litmus papers

Question 42

________ comprises a digital or moving coil pH meter and two probes. Your test kit should also contain a stirrer, pH electrode, calibrated cylinder, a jar, a sample of deionized water, and buffers

Answer 42

A pH meter

Question 43

_________ will help you test for chemicals in your private water system and ensure its fit for consumption. The closer to ____ on the meter the more likely it is that your supply contains pure water.

Answer 43

A pH meter, 7

Question 44

________- are another method to test whether your potable supply has acidic, neutral or alkaline water.

Answer 44

pH test strips

Question 45

________ will only tell you whether water is acidic or basic.

Answer 45

litmus papers

Question 46

The most common and fastest way of measuring ocean depth uses ______-. Ships using technology called _____, which stands for sound navigation and ranging, can map the topography of the ocean floor. The device sends sound waves to the bottom of the ocean and measures how long it takes for an echo to return.

Answer 46

sound, sonar

Question 47

it is a widely used technique to estimate evaporation from open water bodies like lakes and reservoirs.

Answer 47

pan evaporation method

Question 48

is used to estimate evaporation by applying the principle of conservation of mass to a water body

Answer 48

mass balance method

Question 49

This method uses the movement of moisture from the surface into the atmosphere to estimate evaporation. In order to determine the evaporation rate. Parameters such as wind speed and the gradient of vapour pressure are frequently used in the mass transfer technique.

Answer 49

mass transfer method

Question 50

-Framework considering energy inputs and outputs. -Determines rate of evaporation from land or water. -Energy difference between entering and leaving surface represents available energy. -Essential for understanding and forecasting evaporation in various climatic and environmental conditions.

Answer 50

Energy Budget Model

Question 51

Rs

Answer 51

incoming solar radiation

Question 52

RI

Answer 52

outgoing longwave radiation

Question 53

Rn

Answer 53

Net Radiation (Rn= Rs-RI)

Question 54

To find the Latent Heat Flux used for evaporation

Answer 54

L= Rn−H−G

Question 55

determined from meteorological data, towards which the water temperature is driven by the net heat exchange, that is, when the water is at equilibrium temperature the net rate of heat exchange is zero.

Answer 55

EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE METHOD

Question 56

It does not lend itself to manual calculation and requires a certain amount of coding and data preparation and transformation in order to be used.

Answer 56

EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE METHOD

Question 57

A valuable tool in operational estimates of evaporation, especially in regions with limited data. These factors are used to adjust reference evaporation rates (often measured using a standardized method like the Class A pan) to account for the specific characteristics of different land surfaces.

Answer 57

EMPIRICAL FACTORS

Question 58

Measurements of evaporation from water were used to calibrate ___________ and so these factors should be used with estimates of reference evaporation calculated using this model

Answer 58

Penman’s model of evaporation

Question 59

Dalton’s law used for evaporation:

Answer 59

EL = C (es – ea)