Even gender

Question 1

What is the Loggia dei Lanzi?

Answer 1

The Loggia dei Lanzi is a historic building in Florence, Italy, that serves as an open-air sculpture gallery.

Question 2

True or False: The Loggia dei Lanzi was built during the Renaissance period.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The Loggia dei Lanzi is located in the _______ square of Florence.

Answer 3

Signoria

Question 4

Which famous sculpture is NOT found in the Loggia dei Lanzi? A) Perseus with the Head of Medusa B) The Rape of the Sabine Women C) David D) Hercules and Cacus

Answer 4

C) David

Question 5

What architectural style is the Loggia dei Lanzi primarily designed in?

Answer 5

Renaissance architecture

Question 6

Piazza Della Signoria

Answer 6

A historic square in Florence, Italy, known for its political and cultural significance. It is home to notable landmarks, including the Palazzo Vecchio and various sculptures, and has long served as a gathering place for public events and art displays.

Question 7

Benvenuto Cellini (1500–1571)

Answer 7

An Italian sculptor, goldsmith, and writer of the Renaissance known for his vivid autobiography and masterful works, such as the Perseus with the Head of Medusa statue. Renowned for his talent and turbulent life, he contributed significantly to Renaissance art and metalwork.

Question 8

Giambologna (1529–1608)

Answer 8

Also known as Jean de Boulogne, he was a Flemish-born Italian sculptor celebrated for his dynamic Mannerist style. Known for masterpieces like The Rape of the Sabine Women, Giambologna greatly influenced Italian sculpture with his intricate forms and detailed, fluid compositions.

Question 9

Donatello’s Judith and Holofernes (c. 1457–1464)

Answer 9

A bronze sculpture symbolizing virtue defeating tyranny, depicting Judith beheading Holofernes. Commissioned by the Medici, its graphic portrayal and powerful female figure were controversial. After the Medici’s expulsion, it was displayed publicly as a symbol of Florence’s resistance to oppression.

Question 10

Ceremonial Parapet

Answer 10

A low protective wall or barrier often used in ceremonial architecture. It typically features decorative elements and is designed to enhance the visual impact of a structure, symbolizing power or grandeur in a formal or religious setting.

Question 11

Bellerophon

Answer 11

A hero in Greek mythology best known for taming the winged horse Pegasus and defeating the fire-breathing Chimera. Favored by the gods at first, Bellerophon’s story is also one of hubris, as he later attempted to reach Mount Olympus but was cast down, symbolizing the dangers of excessive pride.

Question 12

Sassaiola

Answer 12

Rock fights

Question 13

Guerre dei pugni

Answer 13

War of fists

Question 14

Zentledonne

Answer 14

Gentle women (usually referring to those of patrician class)

Question 15

Zoccoli

Answer 15

Known as Croponi in English, ridiculously high platform shoes

Question 16

Puttane

Answer 16

Low level prostitute

Question 17

Meretrice

Answer 17

Harlot, whore

Question 18

Courtesan

Answer 18

High-level mistress, often well educated and talented in poetry, music, etc.

Question 19

Forza d’Ercole

Answer 19

Human Pyramid

Question 20

Piazza Santa Maria Novella (pee-AHT-sah sahn-tah mah-REE-ah noh-VEL-lah)

Answer 20

A prominent square in Florence, Italy, located in front of the Santa Maria Novella church. It features stunning architecture, including the church’s ornate facade and the nearby Dominican convent. The piazza serves as a cultural and social hub, hosting events and markets, and is renowned for its beautiful artworks and historical significance.

Question 21

Palio dei Cocchi

Answer 21

Two horse chariot race established by Cosimo I in 1563

Question 22

Giovanni Signori

Answer 22

Giovanni Signori was an Italian painter known for capturing traditional Italian events in his artwork. Example: Palio dei Cocchi depicts a vibrant horse race, reflecting the cultural significance of the Palio, celebrated in various towns across Italy, particularly Siena. His work highlights the excitement, pageantry, and local traditions of 19th-century Italy.

Question 23

Piazza Santa Croce

Answer 23

Located in Florence, Italy, this historic square is known for the Basilica of Santa Croce, which houses the tombs of famous figures like Michelangelo and Galileo. It serves as a vibrant cultural hub, hosting events and markets for locals and tourists alike.

Question 24

Giuco di calcio

Answer 24

Florentine football - very violent and still played today

Teams:
Santa Maria Novella (reds)
Santa Croce (blues)
Santo Spirito (whites)
San Giovanni (greens)

Question 25

Guerre dei Pugni

Answer 25

The "Guerre dei Pugni," or "Punch Wars," were violent street fights in Italy during the late 19th century, mainly among students and workers. These conflicts were fueled by social and political rivalries.

Question 26

Ponte dei Pugni

Answer 26

The "Ponte dei Pugni," or "Bridge of Punches," is a historic bridge in Venice, Italy. It is known for its connection to the "Guerre dei Pugni," where rival factions would settle disputes through fights. The bridge features a unique design, with a series of arches and steps, and is a notable landmark reflecting Venice's rich history.

Question 27

Ponte della Paglia

Answer 27

The Ponte della Paglia is a bridge in Venice, Italy, that connects the Doge's Palace to the prison. It is known for its picturesque views of the Grand Canal and the nearby Ponte dei Sospiri (Bridge of Sighs). The bridge offers a scenic spot for visitors and is an important part of Venice's historical architecture.

Question 28

Ponte della Tette (Tits)

Answer 28

The Ponte delle Tette, or "Bridge of Breasts," is a historic bridge in Venice, Italy. It earned its name due to the nearby houses where women would display their breasts to attract attention, particularly during the 16th century. The bridge is notable for its unique history and serves as a reminder of Venice's vibrant and sometimes risqué past.

Question 29

Scorreria

Answer 29

Scorreria refers to a raid or incursion, typically associated with military or pirate actions. In historical contexts, it often describes sudden attacks on settlements, villages, or caravans, particularly during the Middle Ages. Scorrerie were used by various groups to plunder resources and assert dominance over territories.

Question 30

Caccia dei Tori

Answer 30

Caccia dei Tori, or "Bull Hunting," refers to a traditional event in Italy where bulls are hunted or chased, often as part of local festivals. This practice has historical roots in rural culture and is associated with celebrations, showcasing bravery and skill. It is distinct from more modern bullfighting, emphasizing a communal and festive atmosphere.

Question 31

Gabriel Bella

Answer 31

Gabriel Bella was an Italian painter of the 18th century known for his vibrant use of color and dynamic compositions. He is noted for works such as Forza d’Ercole, which depict mythological themes and showcase the Baroque style. Another piece is The Carnival bullfight in Campo Santa Maria

Question 32

Domenico Ghirlandaio

Answer 32

an Italian Renaissance painter active in Florence during the late 15th century. Known for his detailed frescoes and altarpieces, he often depicted religious themes with a strong emphasis on realism and human emotion. His notable works include the frescoes in the Tornabuoni Chapel and portraits of prominent figures of his time. E.g. Birth of the Virgin

Question 33

Scopophilia

Answer 33

A sexual gaze (Patricia Simons)

Question 34

Sensale

Answer 34

Professional Matchmaker

Question 35

Mezzano

Answer 35

Person who made marriage inquiries on behalf of a family - Mezzano is related to one or both families in question

Question 36

Monte delle Doti

Answer 36

Florentine state established dowry fund

Question 37

Donna onesta

Answer 37

“Honest” or good woman according to gender roles of the time

Question 38

Patriarchal / patrilineal

Answer 38

Patriarchal: A social system in which men hold primary power, leading roles in political, moral authority, and control over property and family lineage. Patrilineal: A kinship system in which inheritance and lineage are traced through the father's line, meaning family names and property are passed down from father to son.

Question 39

Matriarchal / Matrilineal

Answer 39

Matriarchal: A social system in which women hold primary power, typically in leadership roles within families and communities, often governing lineage and inheritance. Matrilineal: A kinship system in which inheritance and lineage are traced through the mother’s line, meaning family names and property are passed down from mother to daughter.

Question 40

Epithalamia

Answer 40

Ancient marriage poems and songs

Question 41

Giuramento

Answer 41

Marriage agreement signed by the grooms father, groom, brides father, and witnesses for both sides, in front of a notary

Question 42

Impalmamento

Answer 42

The bridegroom goes, with gifts, to his future bride’s house for dinner

Question 43

Sponsalia

Answer 43

Meeting after impalmamento involving only the bride and grooms male relatives. This was when the final details of the dowry and date for festivities, such as the wedding dinner, were finalized.

Question 44

Anellamento

Answer 44

The ring ceremony - fist time bride is involved in marriage process.

Question 45

Nozze

Answer 45

Or vincolo vero: the legitimization of the marriage publically. Bride moves to home of husband

Question 46

Tornabuoni

Answer 46

The Tornabuoni were an influential noble family in Florence during the Renaissance. They were known for their wealth, political power, and patronage of the arts. The family supported artists like Domenico Ghirlandaio, commissioning notable works, including frescoes in the Tornabuoni Chapel in Santa Maria Novella, which reflect their status and cultural contributions to the city.

Question 47

Nastagio Degli Onesti

Answer 47

Nastagio degli Onesti is a novella by Giovanni Boccaccio from his work The Decameron, written in the 14th century. The story follows Nastagio, a young man who, after being rejected by the woman he loves, witnesses a ghostly scene of a tormented soul punished in love. Inspired, he uses this vision to win her affection, showcasing themes of love, desire, and the consequences of rejection.