Evening primrose oil

Question 1

is a yellow wildflower,
belonging to the family
Onagraceae.

Answer 1

K

Question 2

It grows in North

and South America

Answer 2

K

Question 3

that’s why it is called

evening primrose.

Answer 3

J

Question 4

is famous by its yellow
or gold color with cross-shaped
stigma

Answer 4

I

Question 5

It can tolerate the dryness.

Answer 5

U

Question 6

The primrose oil is extracted from
the seeds Oenothera biennis by
cold press, as the seeds are
squeezed at very high pressure

Answer 6

I

Question 7

It
can be extracted also by solvent
extraction using hexane as a
solvent. A proper antioxidant can
be added.

Answer 7

I

Question 8

The primrose oil contains mainly…

Answer 8

.

Question 9

Composition

Answer 9

J

Question 10

palmitic acid,

Answer 10

J

Question 11

oleic acid,

Answer 11

I

Question 12

stearic acid.

Answer 12

I

Question 13

Other minor elements contain alcohol, sterols, and triterpine alcohol.

Answer 13

M

Question 14

Proven uses

Answer 14

K

Question 15

Menopausal hot flashes

Answer 15

O

Question 16

Improving lipid profile

Answer 16

L

Question 17

Effect on the skin

Answer 17

K

Question 18

Treatment of rheumatoid

arthritis

Answer 18

M

Question 19

the most common symptoms experienced by
menopausal women and affect the quality of
life as a result of oestrogen withdrawal.

Answer 19

.

Question 20

produce prostaglandins

Answer 20

K

Question 21

reduce the hormonal changes related to

menopause.

Answer 21

K

Question 22

did not
have significant effect on serum
total cholesterol and LDL level.

Answer 22

K

Question 23

decreased the level of triglycerides

Answer 23

`i

Question 24

strengthen the epidermal barrier,

Answer 24

O

Question 25

prevent the excessive loss of water

Answer 25

J

Question 26

regenerates skin, | and improves smoothness

Answer 26

J

Question 27

leads to its replacement by oleic acid. This will affect the protective properties of the epidermis layer.

Answer 27

K

Question 28

improvement in skin regarding | skin moisture and flexibility

Answer 28

,

Question 29

reducing joints pain in rheumatoid | arthritis patients.

Answer 29

H

Question 30

that it reduced the use of NSAIDs | during the trial period.

Answer 30

I

Question 31

Unproven uses

Answer 31

U

Question 32

diabetic neuropathy | U

Answer 32

I

Question 33

asthma

Answer 33

K

Question 34

cancer

Answer 34

O

Question 35

atopic dermatitis

Answer 35

K

Question 36

Mechanism of action

Answer 36

K

Question 37

rich in polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acids including linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid.

Answer 37

K

Question 38

precursors of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (e.g., prostaglandins, cytokines, cytokine mediators)

Answer 38

K

Question 39

suppress inflammatory responses by directly acting on inflammatory cells. 17

Answer 39

K

Question 40

Side effects

Answer 40

J

Question 41

lipoid pneumonia

Answer 41

K

Question 42

headache

Answer 42

K

Question 43

nausea and GI cramps

Answer 43

J

Question 44

reduce the threshold of seizure

Answer 44

M

Question 45

 has anticoagulant effect, so can interact with anticoagulant drugs and lead to bleeding

Answer 45

K

Question 46

In pregnancy and lactation, the use of primrose oil is unsupported, so better to be avoided.

Answer 46

K

Question 47

Dosage form and doses

Answer 47

,